FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA.
or
TROPICAL AFRICA.
EDITED BY
SIR W. T. THISELTON-DYER, K.C.M.G., C.LE.,
~ LLD., D.Sc., F.R.S.
HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD; LATE DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW ; AND LATE BOTANICAL ADVISER TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES,
VOL. VI.—SECTION 1.
NYVOTAGINEA TO BRUPITIORBIACE &.
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE
FOR THE COLONIES.
LONDON:
LOVELL REEVE & CO, Limirep, Publishers to the Home, Colonial and Endian Governments, 6 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
19138.
DATES OF PUBLICATION OF THE SEVERAL PARTS
OF THIS VOLUME.
Part I. pp. 1-192 was published March 1909.
II. ,, 193-384 oe December 1910. = LEE 380-510 A October 1911. EV 517 -~/68 . March 1912.
Vis, 109-960 “ October 1912.
oil 4, 96) to end nA April 1913.
PREFACE.
Tuts is the last section of the “ Flora of Tropical Africa” which will be issued under my editorship. The control and supervision necessary in an undertaking of the kind cannot be properly exercised except the headquarters of its preparation. Some degree of uniformity must at least be aimed at in the work of different contributors. Questions will consequently arise on which the editor must give a decision: difficulties which are readily solved by personal discussion are not disposed of so easily by correspondence.
The preparation of this section has been protracted. When I retired from the Directorship of Kew in 1905 much of the material available had been worked up by my indefatigable contributor, Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S. The continuous access of fresh collections had in the meantime largely added to it. In fact the general position with regard to the Flora resembles the “Curve of Pursuit,” in which the pursuer has to change his direction constantly in the attempt to overtake his elusive quarry. In the case of the smaller orders Mr. Baker's advanced years made it necessary to entrust the necessary additions to other hands. The Huphorbiacee were not so easily disposed of. This vast family will probably prove to supply the dominant constituent of tropical forests. In view of the large access of fresh materia] and of what had been worked out by Continental botanists it was necessary to recast entirely what had been prepared. This task was generously undertaken by my successor Lt.-Col. Sir David Prain, F.R.S., and though my name stands on the title-page of the volume, its accomplishment and the merit which attaches to it must for the most part be attributed to his indefatigable energy and critical insight. Mr. J. Hutchinson collabo- rated with him, and Mr. N. E. Brown, A.L.S., who finds a peculiar fascination in the study of succulent plants, the difficulties of which most botanists find deterrent, undertook the genus Huphorbia.
The present section thus disposes of all that was in view when I retired from Kew. The “ Flora of Tropical Africa ” differs from other
~
vi PREFACE,
works in the series of which it is a part in having an official and not a personal character. In the preface to the seventh volume I have given an account of the circumstances of its initiation and of those under which at the instance of the Government its preparation was resumed.
In view of what I have said, I can have no doubt that [am adopting the course which is most expedient in the interest of the work in resigning the task of its completion to the present Director of Kew.
It has been the practice in the more recent works that have been prepared at Kew to conform to the classification and sequence of orders adopted in Bentham and Hooker’s ‘Genera Plantarum.” This was accordingly done by Professor Oliver, F.R.S., in the first and second volumes. In the third he appears to have preferred the continuous numbering of the cohorts given by Sir Joseph Hooker in his translation of “A General System of Botany” by Le Maout and Decaisne. Bentham and Hooker, however, in the “ Genera Plantarum ” commence a new numbering of the cohorts for Gamopetale. ‘This I have followed in Vol.IV. The numerical sequence does not therefore follow on from that of Professor Oliver, but as the actual sequence adopted by him is that of the ‘ Genera Plantarum ” anyone who cares to do so can readily correct Professor Oliver’s numbers. Unfortunately, in Vol. V.a further correction is necessary. By one of those clerical oversights which can only be accounted for by the frailty of human nature, the numbering of the cohorts does not conform’to either work. PERSONALEs should be ix. instead of xxiv. and LAMIALES x. instead of xxv.
Although the Old World has always had before it the problem of unknown Africa, it is singular how tardy has been its exploration compared with that of the New. Yet it has been for no lack of curiosity. In the fourth century B.c., and possibly earlier, the Greeks had a proverb preserved by Aristotle, det péper te AtBin xavdvy, At the commencement of our era Pliny, if with a whimsical explanation, recalls the “ vulgare Grecie dictum semper aliquid novi Africam adferre.” In our twentieth century the novelty descends on the bewildered botanist in a continuous flood, and more than one generation will come and yo without seeing it exhausted.
A quarter of a century separates the three volumes of the “ Flora of Tropical Africa ” issued by Professor Oliver from the fourth edited by myself. Nothing more was claimed for the former than that they were a “ repertory” of what was known of the vegetation of the time, imperfect as that knowledge was, Dr. Stapf in a memorandum in the “ Kew Bulletin” for 1906 (pp. 239, 240) has brought out in a
PREFACE. vii
striking way the immense progress it has made in the interval. ‘“ For every three species then known, five species have since been added.” There is therefore already room for a supplement to the first three volumes of more than equal bulk. It would not be becoming for me to lay the burden on Kew. But it may be hoped that if, as may be con- fidently expected, it is able to complete the “ Flora of Tropical Africa ” on the lines already laid down, substantial encouragement will not be wanting from H.M. Government to enable the Kew statf to add further to our knowledge of the vegetable resources of a portion of the earth’s surface in which as a nation we have so large a stake.
For the amended definition of the regions into which the area of the Flora is divided, reference may be made to the preface to the seventh volume.
The further collections made use of in the present volume and not previously acknowledged are as follows:
I. Upper Guinea.—Aug. Chevalier, French Guinea; C. &. Lane- Poole and C. W. Smythe, Sierra Leone; Aug. Chevalier, Ivory Coast ; J. Anderson, R. W. Brent, T. F. Chipp, A. E. Evans, A. C. Miles, and H. N. Thompson, Guld Coast; R. E. Dennett, H. Dodd, G. C. Dudgeon, J. H. J. Farquhar, Dr. Lamborn, J. C. Leslie, T. D. Mait- land, Mr. and Mrs, P. A. Talbot, N. W. Thomas, A. H. Unwin, and J. L. Williams, Southern Nigeria; Dr. J. M. Dalziel, Col. E. J. Lugard, Dr. A. C. Par-ons, B. E. B. Shaw, and C. C. Yates, Northern Nigeria.
II. Norra Cenrrat.—Aug. Chevalier, Chari Region, Darbanda, French Congo, &c.
III. Nite Lanp.—Dr. R. E. Drake-Brockman and R. J. Stordy, Southern Abyssinia ; A. F. Broun, Sudan; M.S. Evans. R. Fyffe, and C. B. Ussher, Uganda; E. Battiscombe, M. S. Evans, E. E. Galpin, D. E. Hutchins, H. Powell, and W. 8. Routledge, British East Africa.
IV. Lower Guinea.—J. Gossweiler and Dr. F. G. Wellman, Angola ; E. E. Galpin, German South-West Africa,
V. Sourn Cenrrat.—Rev. F. A. Rogers and F. Thonner, Belgian Congo.
VI. Mozampique Distr.—J. T. Last, Zanzibar ; M. T. Dawe, W. H. Johnson, and J. Stocks, Portuguese East Africa; J. M. Parves, Nyasa- Jand; Mrs, O. Colville, E. E. Galpin, Miss L. S. Gibbs, Rev. Dr. F. C. Kolbe, H. G. Mundy, and Rev. F. A. Rogers, Rhodesia.
The most cordial acknowledgments are due to Professor I. B. Balfour, Monsieur G. Beauverd, Professor A. Borzi, Dr. J. Briquet, Monsieur
vill PREFACE.
H. Courtet, Dr. A. Engler, Dr. J. W.C. Goethart, Dr. J. A. Henriques, Professor H. Lecomte, Dr. C. A. M. Lindman, Dr. C. H. Ostenfeld, Professor R. Pirotta, Dr. A. B. Rendle, Professor Hans Schinz, Professor EK. Warming, Dr. R. Wettstein, Dr. E. De Wildeman, and Dr. A. Zahlbruckner, for the generous loan of type specimens and other mate- rial from the herbaria under their charge.
I must add my final acknowledgments of the aid given me by Assistants in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens; to Mr. C. H. Wright, A.L,S., in preparing the manuscript for the press and in checking the proofs; andto Mr. N. E. Brown, A.L.S., for working out the geographical distribution.
For the detailed topography the third edition of the “ Spezial-Karte von Africa” (Gotha: Justus Perthes, 1893) has been chiefly used.
Wee, 1): WITCOMBE ; February 17, 1913.
CONTENTS
CONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS
Order CIV. CV.
CVI.
CVII. OVITI. CIX.
CX.
CXI.
CXII. CXITI. CXIV. CXV. CXVI. CXVIA. CXVII. CXVITI. CXIX. CXX. CXXI. CXXII.
Nyctagineze Illecebracez Amarantaceze Chenopodiacez Phytolaccacee Polygonacez Podostemacece
Cytinacez
Aristolochiacer .
Piperacee Myristicacez Monimiacez Laurinez Hernandiaceze Proteacez Thymeleaceze Loranthacee Santalacee . Balanophores Euphorbiacee
Addenda
ix
Page
CONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS CONTAINED IN THE SIXTH VOLUME.—SECTION 1.
CLASS I.—DICOTYLEDONES. SUBCLASS IIIl.—MONOCHLAMYDEA,
Series i.—Curvembryez. Seed with usually floury albumen; embryo curved, lateral or peripheral, more rarely nearly straight, subcentral, Ovule usually solitary and erect, rarely several, Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual or polygamous. Petals usually absent. Stamens as many as the perianth-segments or fewer, rarely more. Leaves usually entire.
Base of the perianth persistent, enclosing and often Stamens hypogynous. Carpel solitary; style simple. Seed Herbs, shrubs or trees.
CIV. NycTaGine®, adhering to the fruit. with inferior radicle. Perianth persistent, herbaceous or with scarious margins.
.. CY. ILLECEBRACEER. ‘Stamens perigynous. Ovary 1-celled; style-arms 2-3 or styles 2-3. Herbs, rarely
small shrubs. Leaves usually opposite; stipules scarious.
CVI. AMARANTACER. Perianth dry, not herbaceous, subtended by a bract and 2 bracteoles, Stamens hypogynous or perig'ynous ; filaments united at the base and often with alternating teeth. Ovary 1-celled; style simple or 2-3-fid. Fruit a membranous utricle (rarely a berry), breaking irregularly or circumscissile. Herbs
or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, exstipulate.
CVIL. CHenoropIacem. Perianth membranous or herbaceous. Stamens
hypogynous or perigynous ; filaments usually free. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled ; style simple or 2-3-lobed, or styles 2-5, distinct. Utricle included in the persistent perianth, indehiscent, sometimes subbaccate. Herbs or shrubs, Leaves alternate,
exstipulate. CVIII. Puyronaccacex. Perianth herbaceous or coriaceous, rarely membranous, Dersistent or deciduous. Stamens hypogynous; filaments sometimes connate at the xi
xii CONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS
base. Carpels solitary, or many, free or connate; styles as many as the carpels, free. Shrubs or herbs, rarely trees. Leaves alternate; stipules none or small.
CIX. PotyGonace®. Perianth herbaceous or membranous, sometimes coloured 4—6-merous, rarely adherent to the base of the ovary. Stamens perigynous, usually 6-9 (in Symmeria 20-30); filaments free or connate at the base. Ovary 1-celled, l-ovuled ; styles or style-arms 2-3. Seeds with superior radicle. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, dilated at the base into a membranous sheath; stipules usually ochreate.
Series II.—Multiovulatze Aquaticze. Submerged herbs. Ovary syn- carpous, 1-3-celled, superior ; ovules numerous in each cell or on each placenta.
CX. PoposteMacEx. Herbs of various habit, often resembling mosses, foliaceous or frondose hepatice and alge. Perianth minute or absent. Stamens 1 to many. Ovary with 2-3 cells or placentas. Seeds exalbuminous.
Series III.
Multiovulate Terrestres. Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Ovary syncarpous, inferior ; ovules numerous in each cell or on each placenta.
CXI. Cyrrnace®. Fleshy root- or branch-parasites, leafless or with the leaves
reduced to scales. Seed albuminous; embryo small.
CXII. ARISTOLOCHIACE®. Erect or climbing leafy herbs or shrubs. Seed with
fleshy albumen; embryo small.
Series IV.—Micrembryee. Ovary syncarpous, monocarpous or apocarpous ;
ovules solitary (rarely 2 or few) in each carpel. Seed with copious fleshy or floury albumen; embryo minute or small.
CXIII. Preeracez. Stamens 2-6, free. Ovary syncarpous, l-celled and
l-ovuled in the Tropical African genera. Herbs or shrubs, erect or climbing.
Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or verticillate. Flowers minute, spicate.
‘XIV. MyRIsTICACE®. Stamens 2-30, monadelphous. 1, subbasal. Radicle inferior, Trees. Flowers smull, variously arranged.
Carpel solitary; ovule Leaves alternate, often with pellucid dots.
CXV. MonIMiacex., Stamens numerous; anthers frequently subsessile. Carpels
many, distinct, or in Xymalos and Plagiostyles solitary; ovule erect or pendulous. Radicle inferior or superior. Trees or shrubs.
Leaves opposite or alternate. Flowers in axillary fascicles, cymes or racemes.
Series V.—Daphnales. Carpel solitary, very rarely several united ; ovules
solitary or 2 collateral, very rarely in superposed pairs, Perianth usually calycine,
sometimes coloured ; lobes 1-2-seriate. Stamens as many or twice as many as the
perianth-lobes, or in Hernandiacee fewer, Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS. xiii
CXVI. Laurinea. Perianth-lobes 6 or 8, 2-seriate, imbricate. Stamens typically in 4 whorls, one whorl often reduced to staminodes; anthers debiscing by valves from below upwards. Ovary superior, 1-celled, sometimes enclosed in the receptacle; ovule solitary, pendulous. Radicle superior. Trees or shrubs, very rarely (Cassytha) twining parasitic herbs. Leaves alternate, in Cassytha reduced to
small scales.
CXVIA. HERNANDIACER. Perianth-lobes 4-10, 2-seriate, valvate or imbricate. Stamens 3-7; anthers dehiscing by valves; staminodes usually present. Ovary inferior, l-celled; ovule solitary, pendulous. Radicle superior. Trees or shrubs,
sometimes climbing. Leaves alternate.
CXVII. Prorgeace®. Perianth-lobes 4, 1-seriate, valvate. Stamens as many
as the perianth-lobes and opposite them; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary superior, l-celled; ovule solitary and laterally attached in the Tropical African genera. Radicle lateral. Shrubs or trees, rarely perennial herbs. Leaves alternate,
rarely opposite or verticillate.
CXVIIL. TwyMEen@Acem. Perianth-lobes 4—5, 2-seriate, imbricate. Stamens
perigynous, as many or twice as many «as the perianth-lobes; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary superior, 1—-4-celled; ovule solitary in each cell, pendulous.
Radicle superior. Trees or shrubs, rarely slender annual herbs, with tough fibrous
bark, often heath-like. Leaves opposite or alternate.
Series VI._-Achlamydosporee. Ovary usually inferior, l-celled ; ovules
1-3, usually not evident before flowering. Seeds without a testa, sometimes adhering to the pericarp. Perianth sometimes coloured.
CXIX. LoranrHace®. Green shrubs, more rarely herbs, parasitic. Ovule
solitary, erect.
CXX. Sanratacez. Herbs, shrubs or trees, often parasitic. Ovules 2-4,
pendulous from a free-central placenta.
CXXI. Batanopuorsex. Fleshy herbs parasitic on roots, without chlorophyll but usually brightly coloured. Leaves reduced to scales.
Series WiI.—Unisexuales. Flowers unisexual. Ovary syncarpous or monocarpous ; styles as many as the carpels, often bipartite ; ovules solitary or 2 collateral. Seed albuminous or exalbuminous. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Perianth calycine, small or none ; petals present in some Euphorbiacee.
CXXIJ. Evenorsiacem. Inflorescence, perianth and stamens very, variable.
Ovary 2-3- (rarely many-) celled, rarely of 1 carpe]. Fruit usually breaking into 2-valved cocci (winged in Hymenocardia), sometimes drupaceous or nut-like. Albumen usually copious and fleshy, sometimes thin or none; radicle superior. Herbs
shrubs or trees, often with milky juice, sometimes cactus-like.
Vol. Vi.—Sect. 1—Part I. Price 8s.
FLORA
OF
TROPICAL AFRICA.
EDITED BY
SIR WILLIAM T. THISELTON-DYER,
K.C.M.G., C.1LE., LL.D., Sc.D., F.R.S.,
HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD; LATE DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.
» PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF
STATE FOR THE COLONIES
LONDON: ‘YG LOVELL REEVE & CO. LIMITED Publishers to the ome, Colonial and Indian Governments, 6 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1909.
FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA.
OrpeR CIV. NYCTAGINEA. (By J. G. Baker, with additions by C. H. Wright.)
Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, regular. Perianth inferior, small, herbaceous or petaloid, persistent and usually accrescent; tube from short to very long, sometimes circumscissile above the base ; limb truncate or 3—5-toothed or -lobed. Stamens 1-«2, hypogynous; filaments free or connate into a cup at the base, involute-circinnate in bud; anthers dorsifixed, 2-celled, dehiscence longitudinal. Ovary sessile or stalked, 1-celled ; style short or long, slender; stigma small, capitel- late, peltate or fimbriate; ovule solitary, erect, campylotropous, on a short funicle. Fruit (anthocarp) enclosed in the persistent base of the perianth, costate, sulcate or winged, sometimes glandular. Seed erect ; endosperm scanty or copious ; embryo straight or curved._—Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite and alternate, sessile or stalked, simple, entire, exstipulate. Flowers in terminal or axillary cymes, panicles or corymbs; bracts often forming a brightly coloured in-
volucre. Species about 150, chiefly American, from the United States to Chili ; a fewin
India, the Mascarene and Pacific Isles. Bougainvillea spectabilis, Willd., is naturalised at Banana, on the Lower Congo,
according to Durand and Schinz, Etudes Fil. Congo, i. 231.
Bracts large, connate. - . .« 1. Mrrasizis.
Bracts miuute, free Herbs; flowers hermaphrodite ; ‘ . 2, BOERHAAVIA, Shrubs ; flowers polygamo-dicecious Flowers and leaves not fascicled . Flowers and leaves fascicled
8. PISONIA. 4, PHXOPTILUM,
1. MIRABILIS, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 3.
Involucre calyx-like, 5-lobed, marcescent, 1~2 -flowered. Perianth-
tube long, constricted above the ovary ; limb rather flattened, 5-lobed, B
VOL. VI.—SEC. I
2 CIV, NYCTAGINEE (BAKER AND WRIGHT). | Mirabilis.
plicate, deciduous. Stamens 5-6, unequal, exserted ; filaments capil- lary, incurved at the apex, united into a short cup at the base ; anther- cells subglobose. Ovary ellipsoid or ovoid; style filiform, exserted ; stigma capitellate, bearing stalked papille. Fruit enclosed in the hardened base of the perianth and surrounded at the base by the persistent staminal cup. Seeds adhering to the pericarp; embryo curved ; cotyledons surrounding the scanty farinaceous endosperm.— Di- or tri-chotomously branched herbs, glabrous or glandular-pubescent ; root elongated or tuberous. Leaves opposite, the lower petioled, upper sessile. Involucres cymosely arranged. Flowers rather large, fragrant or inodorous, white, red or variously coloured.
Species about 10, in the hotter parts of America.
1. M, Jalapa, Zinn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 177. An erect perennial herb about 2 ft. high. Root napiform. Stem glabrous or shortly pubescent. Leaves thin, ovate or ovate-cordate, acuminate, glabrous or pulverulent above, often ciliate on the margin and bearing cystoliths below, 3 in. long, 1} in. wide; petiole slender, 4 in. long, Involucre } in. long; lobes ovate. Flowers 3-6 in each cyme. Perianth purple, red, yellow or white; tube 1} in. long, cylindrical below, funnel-shaped at the top ; limb spreading, 1 in. or rather more in diam.—Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1,1. 2u4.; Boy Mag. t. 3/1; Plenck; fc. Pl nu. 47, t. 137; Choisy m DUC. Prodr. xiii. 11. 427; Schmidt in Mart. FI. Bras. xiv. ii. 349, t. 81; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 881; Cummins in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 77. M. dichotoma, Linn. Syst. ed. 10, ii. 931, and Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 252; Welw. Apont. 547. Nyctago Jalape, DC. Fl. Frang. iii. 426. Jalapa officinalis, Crantz, Inst. ii. 266.
Upper Guinea. Ashanti, Cummins ! Lagos, Punch, 19! Rowland ! Sierra Leone, Winwood Reade !
Nile Land. Gallabat: region of Matamma, Schweinfurth, 2444!
Lower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, Moller. Angola: Cazengo and Golungo Alto ; in forests on the banks of the River Luinha, Welwitsch, 5376, 5377 ; Icolo e Bengo; at the convent of San Antonio, Welwitsch, 53778 ; Pungo Andongo ; abundant along the banks of streams, Welwitsch.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Amboni, Holst, 2799 ! Portuguese East Africa : Mozambique, Peters. Shamo, near the mouth of the River Shire, Kirk! Nyasaland : Manganja Hills; at N’Garis Village, 3000 ft., Meller! Waller! Zanzibar, Lyne!
A native of Peru, now established in many parts of the Old World.
2. BOERHAAVIA, Vaill.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 5.
Bracts minute, rarely forming an involucre. Perianth-tube cylin- drical, the lower part persistent and becoming hardened to enclose the fruit, the upper part petaloid and deciduous; limb shortly 5-lobed. Stamens 1—5, more or less exserted ; filaments capillary, connate at the base; anthers 2-celled. Ovary stipilate; style capillary; stigma peltate. Persistent base of the perianth clavate, hard, 5-ribbed, often
Boerhaavia.} C1v. NYCTAGINEE (BAKER AND WRIGHT), 3
glandular, enclosing the fruit. Seed adherent to the pericarp ; em- bryo uncinate ; cotyledons thin, broad, encircling the thin endosperm ; radicle long.—M uch-branched herbs. Leaves opposite, entire or slightly repand. Flowers small, usually umbellate ; pedicels articulated at the apex,
Species about 20, throughout the tropics and warm temperate regions.
Perianth not more than 22 lin. long. Flowers usually solitary, rarely 2~3-nate.
Leaves glabrous. 1. B. elegans.
Leaves pubescent : : 2. B. hereroensis. Flowers all in terminal umbels.
Fruit-perianth 14 lin. long. : 3. B. adscendens.
Fruit-perianth 2 lin. long . : : : . 4. B. repens.
Fruit-perianth 3 Jin. long : ‘ ‘ . 5, B. Schinz. Flowers both in terminal umbels and lateral whorls.
Upper part of perianth 1 lin. long ‘ 6. B. verticillata.
Upper part of perianth 2} lin. long . . ‘ - 7. B. fallacissima.
Perianth at least 3 lin. long.
Pedicels short. Fruit with large globose glands near : : : ; . . 8. B. plumbaginea.
the apex Pedicels long. Ribs of fruit-perianth obscure : : . 9. B, pentandra. Ribs of fruit-perianth distinct . : . . 10. B, squarrosa.
1. B. elegans, Choisy in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 453. Stems tall, branched, woody at the base, glabrous. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly ovate, 14 in. long and broad, glabrous, whitish beneath. Flowers solitary, rarely in pairs, arranged in a lax ample panicle above the leaves; ultimate panicle-branches very slender; bracts minute ; pedicels very short. Upper portion of the perianth very small, cam- panulate; accrescent base clavate, {-4 in. long, pentagonal, viscid or glabrate. Stamens 2.—B. repens, var. elegans, Aschers, & Schweinf. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 169. B. rubicunda, Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2,1. 213. B. Marlothii, Heimerl in Engl. Jahrb. x. 10.
Wile Land. Coast of Nubia, ex Boissier. Uganda: Unyoro, Speke & Grant, 510! British East Africa: Nyika country near Mombasa, Wakefield !
Lower Guinea. Angola: in open places near the sea at Banana, Wonteiro! German South-West Africa: Hereroland ; in stony places at Otyimbingue, 2900 ft., Marloth, 1342.
Wozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Rovuma River, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Zomba and vicinity, 2500-3500 ft., Whyte!
Also in Arabia and eastwards to Beluchistan.
The roots are eaten by the natives in Unyoro, according to Speke and Grant,
2. B. hereroensis, Heimerl in Engl. Jahrb. x. 9. Very much branched, diffuse, very viscid herb; slender stems densely pubescent.
Leaves thick, pubescent, the lower and middle cuneately narrowed into a petiole as long as the blade, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 times longer than
broad, obtuse, the upper suddenly smaller, subacute, shortly petioled. Panicle much branched; ultimate branches capillary, almost glabrous
4 CIV. NYCTAGINEE (BAKER AND WRIGHT). — [| Boerhaavia.
1-flowered or 2—3-chotomous and very short ; bracteoles 2-3, deciduous. Upper part of perianth campanulate with inflexed margin, reddish, hirtulous outside ; lower part pyriform, dirty greenish, densely covered with rather long glandular hairs and having 5 prominent nearly smooth ribs. Stamens 3, unequal, included. Stigma rather large, peltate.—Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. App. iil. 67.
Lower Guinea. German Sonth-west Africa: Hereroland; in stony places at Otymbingue, 2900 ft., Marloth, 1403 ! Linden.
3. B. adscendens, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 19. Stem glabrous except in the young parts, ascending, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves usually opposite, ovate-oblong or -rotundate, slightly sinuate, acute or rather obtuse, up to 2 in. long and 1} in. wide, usually glabrous except when young, dark green above, paler beneath; petiole up to lin. long. Panicle terminal, diffuse, up to 9 in. long; ultimate branches slender, rigid, bearing 4— sessile flowers at their apex. Perianth about 1 lin. long. Fruit- perianth elliptic, 14 lin. long, smooth or faintly striate —Schum. «& Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 17; Vahl, Enum. i. 285; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 882 partly. 3B. ascendens, Choisy in DC. Prodr. xiii. i). 451.
Upper Guinea. Togo: near Lome, Warnecke, 367! Southern Nigeria : Abeokuta, Irving, 186! Quorra (Niger) River, Vogel, 4! Nun River, Mann, 478!
Nile Land. Upper Sennar: Fazokl, Kotschy, 573 partly! Somaliland Shaile Pass, Wiss Edith Cole !
Lower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, Mann, 1102! Angola: Ambriz; at Quisembo, Welwitsch, 5382! Barra do Dande ; hilly places near the mouth of the River Dande, Welwitsch, 5392! Loanda: Cazanga Island, Welwitsch, 5383 ! hilly places at Praia da Zamba Grande, Welwitsch, 5393 !
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Blantyre, Buchanan, 86!
4, B. repens, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 3. Herbaceous, much-branched. Stems slender, cylindrical, glabrous or nearly so, thickened at the nodes. Leaves in unequal pairs at each node, ovate or lanceolate, acute or obtuse, rounded at the base, slightly undulate, usually glabrous, rarely more than 1 in. long and 9 lin. broad. Peduncles axillary, slender, bearing 4—10-flowered umbels; bracts small, lanceo- late. Perianth about 1 lin. long; tube clavate, 5-ribbed, glandular between the ribs; lobes very short, rounded, pinkish. Stamens 1-3, as long as or slightly longer than the perianth. Stigma peltate. Fruit 14 lin. long, enclosed in the strongly 5-ribbed glandular basal part of the perianth.—Choisy in DC. Prodr, xiii. ii. 453 (incl. var. glabra) ; Delile, Fl. Egypte, ii. 2, t. 3, fig. 1 (var. minor); Schweinf. Beitr. F). Aethiop. 168, and in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. ii. 166. Hiern in Cat. Afr, Pl. Welw. i, 882 partly. DB. vulvarifolia, Poir, Encycl. v. 55.
Upper Guinea. Senegal, Leprieur /
Mile Land. Nubia: El Galabeheb, Kralik! Erkowit Mountain, near Suakin, Schweinfurth, 291! Wady Abu Selem, Schweinfurth, 499! Ethiopia,
Boerhaavia.] ClV. NYCTAGINEH (BAKER AND WRIGHT). i)
Kotschy, 88! 172! 358! Kordofan: Abu-Gerad, Kofschy, 35! Galabat: region of Matamma, Schweinfurth, 2480! Bara, Pfund, 676! Eritrea: Ras Madour, near Massowa, Schweinfurth & Riva, 29! Mount Ghedem, near Massowa, Schweinfurth & Riva, 91! near Saati, Schweinfurth § Riva, 342! Abyssinia : by the Tacazze River, near Gursarfa, Schimper, 2221!
Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; in sandy rocky parts of the Presidium, &c., Welwitsch, 5385! Icolo e Bengo; in dried-up pools at the River Bengo, Welwitsch, 5387! around Lagoa de Quilonde, Welwitsch, 5388! Loanda; near Penedo, Welwitsch, 5389! and between Penedo and Conceicaio, Welwitsch, 5390! and without precise locality, Gossweiler, 215! 215B !
Var. diffusa, Hook, f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 709. Stems usually several from a woody rootstock, glabrous or pubescent, Leaves ovate or ovate-rotundate, obtuse, sinuate, usually about 1 in. long and slightly less in breadth, usually pubescent or puberulous on both surfaces, pale green beneath. Inflorescence and flowers as in the type. Fruit 14 lin. long, clavate, strongly 5-ribbed, less glandular between the ribs than in the type.—B. diffusa, Linn. F). Zeyl. 4 and Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 3; Choisy in DC, Prodr. xiii. ii. 452; F. Muell. Key Vict. Pl. 169, t. 44. B. hirsuta, Willd. Phytogr. 1. B. procumbens, Roxb. FI. Ind, ed. 1, 148; Wight, Ic. t. 874.—Talu- Dama, Rheede, Hort. Malab. vii. 105, t. 56.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia: Richard Toll, Dollinger, 24! Sierra Leone: N.E. from Sierra Leone, Garrett! Searcies Valley, on the way to Kukuna, Scott- Elliot, 4721! Gold Coast: Aburi, Johnson, 1103! Southern Nigeria: Lagos, Punch, 61! 62! Yoruba, Willson, 79! Stirling Hill, Ansell! Quorra (Niger) River, Vogel, 127! 145! Northern Nigeria : Nupe, Barter, 862! 1660 !
Nile Land. Nubia: Wadi Dela, Petherick ! Wadi Halfa, Bromfield, 73! Kordofan: Obeyad, Pfund, 370! Abou Haraza, Pfund, 127! Arashkol Mountain, Kotschy, 160! Bara, Pfund, 675! Darfur, Purdy, 19! Upper Sennar: Fazokl,
votschy, 573 partly! Galabat: region of Matamma, Schweinfurth! Keren, Steudner, 629! Abyssinia: without precise locality, Schimper, 278! Roth! Somaliland : Harradigit, James & Thrupp! British East Africa: Baringo, John- son! between Mombasa and Takaunga, Whyte!
Lower Guinea. Angola: on the road to Bembe, 20 miles from Ambriz, Loanda, Gossweiler, 216! 2168! Monteiro!
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Tanga, Holst, 2067! Portuguese East Africa : between Beira and Massi Kessi, Hon. Mrs. £. Cecil, 14! Ngamiland : Botletle Valley, Zugard, 198 !
Var. viscosa, Choisy in DC, Prodr. xiii. ii. 453. Stem and leaves densely glan- dular hairy, more robust than in the type. Leaves ovate or subrotundate, sinuate, up to 1} in. long and 1 in. broad.
Wile Land. Nubia: Soturba Mountains, Schweinfurth, 2428! sea-coast to between 3000 and 4000 ft., Bent ! Erkowit Mountain, Schweinfurth, 288! Eritrea: Terrha Valley, near Saati, Schweinfurth § Riva, 274! Mount Zibo, near Saati, Schweinfurth & Riva, 535! Ethiopia, Kotschy, 81! 411! Kordofan, Kotschy, 56! Abyssinia, Schimper, 428! Somaliland: Adda Galla, James & Thrupp /
5. B. Schinzii, Heimerl in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xxxi. 222. Root long, woody. Stem about 1} ft. high, densely and shortly hairy. Leaves in unequal pairs, varying from broadly ovate or cordate- rotundate below to ovate-lanceolate or long triangular above, about 14 in. long, obtuse or subacute, entire or undulate, very finely serrate, thickly clothed on both surfaces with very short stiff hairs, dark green above, paler beneath. Flowers in 3-4-flowered heads arranged in
6 CIV, NYCTAGINEE (BAKER AND WRIGHT). [ Boerhaavia.
terminal dichasial panicles; partial peduncles thickly hairy, finally nearly 14 in. long; bractecles 3 to each flower, lanceolate, deciduous, 1 lin. long. Upper part of perianth narrowly campanulate, sparingly shortly hairy outside, whitish (¢), with 5 small rounded lobes; lower per- sistent part shortly ovoid, obtusely 5-angled, covered with short glandular hairs.—Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. App. iil. 68.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Amboland ; Omandongo, Schinz, and Omulonga, Schinz, 741!
Vars. villosa and augustata, Heimer], |.c., are founded on imperfect specimens collected in Hereroland by Liideritz.
6. B. verticillata, Poir. Encycl. v. 56. Stems tall, much- branched, diffuse, glabrous. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, 2 in, long, 1} in. wide, entire or slightly repand. Flowers in a lax panicle of distant 3—5-flowered whorls above the leaves ; pedicels very short; bracts very minute. Upper part of the perianth broadly funnel-shaped, 1 lin. long, shallowly lobed; accrescent base clavate, 2 lin. long, with large globose stalked glands around the apex. Stamens 2, slightly exserted.—Choisy in DC. Prodr. xiii, 11. 454; Aschers. & Schweinf. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 169; Schweinf. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. ii. 166; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 710. B. repanda, Kotschy ex Choisy, ].c. 4. stellata, Wight, Ic. t. 875.
Upper Guinea. Senegal, Roger! Leprieur !
Wile Land. Nubia: Soturba Mountains, at Mirsa Elei, Schweinfurth, 2437! and sea-coast about 21° N., Bent! Wadi Sarrauib, Schweinfurth, 234! Wadi O-Mareg, Schweinfurth, Ser. 3,123! Singa, Schweinfurth, 219! Kordofan: Bir Sodari, Pfund, 185! Arashkol Mountain, Kotschy, 144! Ethiopia, Kotschy, 109 ! 110! 272! Eritrea: Monkullo, near Massowa, Schwejnfurth & Riva, 238! Keren, Steudner, 680! near Eilet (Ailet), Ehrenberg. Abyssinia: in rocky places near Gageros and Gursarfa, 3000-5000 ft., Schimper, 2223 ! Somaliland : Adda Galla, James & Thrupp! and without precise locality, Mrs. Lort Phillips! Appleton ! Thomson! Drake Brockman, 352!
Lower Guinea. Angola: Loanda, Gossweiler, 292!
Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa: Usambara; Umba Valley, Smith !
Also in Tropical Asia.
7. B. fallacissima, Heimerl in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xxxi, 223. Habit of B. plumbaginea. Lower leaves cordate-ovate, 2 in. long, 14 in. wide; upper leaves ovate or cordate, acute, 14 in. long, 1 in. wide; petiole short. Flowers in 2-3 whorls towards the end of the branchlets; pedicels longer than the flowers; bracteoles linear- lanceolate, 2 lin. long. Upper part of the perianth shortly tubular, 24 lin. long ; lower persistent part clavate, with about 10 hemispherical glands near the top. Stamens 2, slightly exserted.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Hereroland, Liideritz, 171! 8. B. plumbaginea, (av. /c. ¢.112. Stems tall, erect, glabrous
or hairy. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly ovate, thin, entire, usuallv obtuse. Flowers in whorls on a lax ample (usually terminal) panicle ;
Boerhaavia.| — clV. NYCTAGINEH (BAKER AND WRIGHT), 7 pedicels short ; bracteoles minute. Upper part of the perianth 3-4 lin. long, funnel-shaped ; lower accrescent part clavate, 3—4 lin. long, not dis- tinctly 5-angled, with large globose glands near the apex.—Aschers. & Schweinf. Beitr, Fl. Aethiop. 166; Hiern in Cat, Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 883. DB. dichotoma, Vahl, Enum. i. 290; Choisy in DC. Prodr, xiii, ii. 454; Schweinf. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. ii. 168. 3B. excelsa, Willd. Enum. 50. 2. capitata, Schweinf, in Kngl. Hochgebirgsfl, Trop. Afr. 209. Valeriana scandens, Forsk. Fl. Aigypt.-Arab. 12.
Upper Guinea. Senegal, Leprieur ! Portudal, Dollinger, 44 Wile Land. Sudan: Sennar; Roseires, Broun !
Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto; at Cacarambola, Welwitsch, 5396 ! Loanda ; near the convent of Santo José, Welwitsch, 53879! at Praia de Zamba Grande, Welwitsch, 53894! hilly places above Penedo, near Bon Vista, Welwitsch! 5395! coast region at Penedo, Welwitsch, 5384! and without precise locality Gossweiley, 217 !
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara ; Lutindi, Holst, 3417 Portuguese East Africa : Mozambique Island, Scot¢/ Rhodesia: Gwelo, Garduer, 20!
Also in North Africa, Spain and Arabia. Only those specimens which have been seen are quoted.
9. B. pentandra, Burch. Trav.i. 432. Stem long, procumbent, glabrous or pubescent; branches erect. Leaves distinctly petioled, large, cordate-ovate, obtuse or acute, finely serrate. Whorls forming a large long panicle above the leaves, both terminal and lateral ; pedicels 4-4 in. long ; bracts lanceolate, larger than in the other species. Upper portion of the perianth }-4 in. long, funnel-shaped ; limb 4-} in. in diam. Stamens 3, much exserted. Persistent base of perianth accres- cent, clavate, }-4 in. long, with many globose glands at the top, not distinctly pentagonal.—Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. App. iii, 67 ; Heimerl in Engl. Jahrb. x. 9. B. Burchellii, Choisy in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 455. B. grandiflora, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii 209; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 142. B. plumbaginea, var. grandiflora, Aschers. & Schweinf. in Schweinf. Beitr. FJ. Aethiop. 166; Schweinf. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. ii. 167. 2B. dichotoma, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 209, not of Vahl.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia: Mbidjem, Thierry, 71!
Wile Land. Nubia: Soturba Mountains, Schweinfurth, 2427! Erkowit Mountain, near Suakin, Schweinfurth, 272! Hor Tamanib, near Suakin, Lord / Eritrea : near Acrur, 6200 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 734! 1123! Keren, Steudner, 681! Sudan, Broun, 408! Abyssinia: Somak Efat, Roth,125! ‘Tigre; between Mai Gouagoua and Debra Sina, Quartin-Dillon § Petit, 209! Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 48! by the River Tacazze near Jelajeranne, Schimper, 1719! near Gursarfa, 3000 ft., Schimper, 2309! and without precise locality, Schimper, 761! by the White Nile, 12° 10’ N., Schweinfurth, 1053! Blue Nile, Muriel, S 28! Somaliland : Sheik Pass, Thomson, 62! and without precise locality, Mrs. Lort Phillips ! Miss Edith Cole! Drake-Brockman, 363! 364! 365! 366! Appleton ! Uganda: Wimi Valley in Ruwenzori district, Scott-Elliot, 7943! Jinga, Busoga,
8 CIY. NYCTAGINEE (BAKER AND wriGHT). [| Boerhaavia.
3900 ft., Brown, 89! British East Africa: Makindu & Kibwezi, Powell, 4! Kibasi, Powell, 20!
Lower Guinea. Angola: Ambriz, Wonteiro! Chella Mountains, Johnston / Loando, Gossweiler, 290! Vogelfontein, Baum, 38! German South-west Africa Amboland, Rautanen, 80! 314!
Mozamb,. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Umba Valley, Smith ! Usagara: Robeho Mountains, 4700 ft., Speke & Grant! Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Tete, Kirk ! Lake Nyasa, Johnson, 395! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Shire Valley, Waller! Upper Shire River at Fort Johnston, Sco/¢- Elliot, 8436! Ngamiland; Lake River, Lugard, 14! Kwebe Hills, 3300 ft., Mrs. Lugard, 21! Bechuanaland: near Palapye, 3000 ft., Lugard, 276!
Also in South Africa.
10. B. squarrosa, Heimerl in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. 813. Stem suffruticose, white, at first finely pubescent, divaricately branched upwards. Leaves petioled, ovate, 4-1 in. long, moderately thick, grey- green, subentire, subglabrous, the lower obtuse, the upper subacute. Umbels 3-5-flowered ; pedicels capillary, 6 lin. long. Perianth glabrous, 3 lin. long; upper part between campanulate and funnel-shaped ; lower persistent part oblong-clavate, 3 lin. long, with 5 viscous ribs. Stamens 3, about as long as the perianth.
Wile Land. Somaliland, Keller.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Great Namaqualand; Reho- both, Fleck, 241a.
3. PISONIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 9,
Flowers polygamo-dicecious. Male perianth funnel-shaped with short spreading deltoid lobes. Stamens 5-10, exserted; filaments unequal, filiform, united at the base; anthers globose or oblong. Female peri- anth longer and narrower, swollen at the base; stamens rudimentary ; ovary sessile, elongated ; style exserted, usually lateral; stigma bifid or multifid. Fruit surrounded by the hardened clavate pentagonal peri- anth, which often has a row of small spreading glandular bristles on each rib ; achene similar in shape to the hardened part of the perianth and nearly or quite as long.—Climbing or erect shrubs or trees, some- times spiny. Leavesalternate or opposite, simple, quite entire. Flowers small, greenish, in dense or lax corymbs.
Species about 30, cosmopolitan in the tropics, chiefly American, 4 in Mauritius.
1, P. aculeata, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 1026. A climbing shrub, with slender terete stems, armed with large axillary spines. Leaves petioled, oblong, acute, glabrous, subcoriaceous. Male flowers in dense peduncled axillary corymbs ; pedicels very short. Perianth pubescent, 1 lin. long. Stamens 6-8, exserted. Female flowers in very lax panicles; pedicels at least 1 in, long. Perianth tubular-campanulate, in fruit clavate, Y lin. long, armed with 5 rows of hard gland-tipped bristles —Lam. Il. t. 861; Wight, Ic. tt. 1763-4; Choisy in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 440;
Pisonia. | CIY. NYCTAGINEX (BAKER AND WRIGHT). Wy)
Schmidt in Mart. Fl. Bras. xiv. ii. 8354; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 711; Benth. Fl. Austral. iv. 279.
Upper Guinea. (old Coast; base of hills near Akropong, Johnson, 806! Lagos ; Ollaro to Ajilite, Miller, 162 !
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa; Kahe, near Kilimanjaro, 2000-3000 ft., Volkens, 2186!
Perhaps introduced from Tropical America.
4. PHHOPTILUM, Radlk. in Abhandl. Naturw. Ver. Bremen, vill. (1883), 439.
Flowers polygamo-dicecious, without an involucre. Perianth caly- cine, funnel-shaped, cut to the middle into 4 (rarely 5) ovate spreading lobes, hairy outside. Stamens 8, shortly exserted, rudimentary in the female flower ; filaments filiform, connate at the base into a fleshy cup. Ovary shortly stipitate, obovoid, 1-celled, often with the rudiment of a second carpel; style filiform, exserted; stigma penicillate. Fruit enclosed in the indurated longitudinally 4-winged perianth-tube. Seed erect ; endosperm present ; embryo hooked.
Monotypic. Also in South Africa.
1. P. spinosum, Radlk. in Abhandl. Naturw. Ver. Bremen, vii. 436. A spiny shrub. Branches ending in spines bearing crowded lateral branchlets, often converted into spines. Leaves fascicled, linear- cuneate, about 6 lin. long, rather thick, fragile when dry, glabrous, pale green. Flowers 14-2 lin. long, 2 lin. in diam, when expanded, in small
‘fascicles from above the often fallen clusters of leaves; bracts narrowly oblong, 1-nerved, densely pilose. Fruit enclosed in the persistent calyx- tube (anthocarp), 6 lin. long, and (including the wings) nearly as broad. —Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. App. iii. 68. P. Hetmerli, Engl. Jahrb. xix. 133. Nachtrigalia protectoratus, Schinz ex Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 133. Amphoranthus spinosus, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1902, 305, t. 441, fig. A.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Damaraland; on the southern Kaokafeld near Chorichan, Giirich, 20; Kamelneck, Giirich, 42, and without precise locality, Zen ! Hereroland, Fleck, 278 !
Also in extra-tropical Great Namaqnaland and Cape Colony.
OrpER CV. ILLECEBRACEH. (By J. G. Baker, with additions by C. H. Wright.)
Flowers regular, usually all hermaphrodite. Perianth herbaceous or finally coriaceous, persistent ; lobes or segments usually 5. Stamens usually 5, perigynous, often alternating with subulate or petaloid sta- minodes; filaments short, sometimes united at the base; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing laterally. Ovary superior, sessile, 1-celled ; ovule usually solitary; style obsolete or produced; stigmas 2-3. Fruit usually a beats enclosed in the persistent perianth. Seed erect, or
10 CV. ILLECEBRACEZ (BAKER AND WRIGHT). | Pollichia.
pendulous from a basal funicle; embryo annular or straight, radicle inferior ; endosperm copious or scanty —Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves entire, usually opposite and stipulate. Inflor- escence usually a congested cyme. Flowers minute, usually green, subtended by large or small scarious bracts and bracteoles. Species about 90, cosmopolitan. Flowers all perfect. Embryo straight. Ovary 2-ovuled . : - . ld. PoLLIcuIa. Embryo annular. Ovary 1-ovuled. Leaves stipulate. Bracts large, scarious. , : : : - 2; PARONYGHTA. Bracts small. Frait a membranous utricle ‘ . 3. HERNIARIA. Fruit indehiscent . c ; : ; . 4 CoRRIGIOLA. Leaves exstipulate, connate at the base : . 5. SCLERANTHUS. Flowers in threes, the two outer imperfect. Bracts com- pound. : : : : : : . . 6. CoMETES.
1. POLLICHIA, Soland.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 14.
Perianth becoming slightly thickened when mature ; tube campanu- late; lobes 5, ovate, spreading. Stamens 1-2, inserted on the disk ; fila- ments short, subulate ; staminodes ovate. Ovary ovoid ; ovules 2, basal ; style bifid. Fruit a 1—2-seeded membranous utricle enclosed in the persistent perianth, subtended by fleshy bracteoles. Seeds oblong or ovoid ; embryo dorsal, slightly curved ; endosperm farinaceous.
Monotypic.
1. P. campestris, Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed.i. 5. A peren- nial, Stems much-branched, pubescent, woody, 3-1 ft. long. Leaves fascicled, linear, acute, sessile, 3-1 in. Jong; stipules ovate, white, scarious, persistent. Flowers in dense axillary clusters; bracts minute. Perianth green, } lin. long; lobes ovate, green edged with white, as long as the campanulate tube. Stamens as long as the perianth. Disk large, lobed, filling up the throat of the perianth.—Smith, Spicil. 1, t. 1; DC. Prodr, iii. 377; A. Rich. Tent. Fl, Abyss. i. 304; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 59; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 215; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 883, Neckeria campestris, Gmelin, Syst. Veg. i. 16. Meerburgia glomerata, Moench, Meth. Suppl. 116. Bergia abyssinica, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i, 49.
Wile Land. Dalak Island in the Red Sea, Ehrenberg. Eritrea: near Ailet and Arkiko, Hhrenberg ; near Acrur, 6200 ft., Schweinfurth § Riva, 768! Aidereso, 4000 ft., Schweinfurth § Riva, 1452! Abyssinia: Tigre ; Jaja, Schimper, 371! near Adowa, Schimper, 1106! British East Africa ; Sani, Kaessner, 743 ! Naivasha, Johnston !
Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 1088! 1088B! Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa - Ngamiland, Baines ! Also in Arabia and South Africa.
Paronychia.) CV. ILLECEBRACEX (BAKER AND WRIGHT). 11
2, PARONYCHIA, Juss.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 15.
Perianth 5-partite, herbaceous or finally coriaceous; segments oblong, bearing a mucro on the back below the hooded tip. Stamens usually 5, perigynous; filaments short; staminodes often alternating with the fertile stamens. Ovary subglobose; ovule solitary, basal ; style very short, bifid at the stigmatose apex. Fruit a membranous utricle included in the persistent perianth. Seeds resupinate or obliquely ascending; embryo annular.—Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, stipulate. Flowers in dense axillary and terminal clusters, mixed with numerous scarious bracts.
Species about 40, chiefly in the Mediterranean region and America.
Bracts much larger than the tlowers ; perianth-segments
cucullate 5 : : 4 i 5 c . . 1. P. argentea. Bracts not much larger than.the flowers Perianth becoming scarious; segments cucullate . 2. P. bryoides.
Perianth remaining herbaceous; segments not cucullate . 3, P. somaliensis,
1. P. argentea, Lam. Fl. Franc. iii. 230. A densely tufted perennial herb. Stems slender, wiry, spreading, pubescent, 3-6 in. | long. Leaves opposite; lower oblanceolate, mucronate ; upper shorter, oblong, acute; stipules ovate, white, scarious. Flowers in dense terminal clusters; bracts numerous, ovate, white, scarious, }—} in. long, quite hiding the flowers. Perianth ,); in. long, pubescent ; segments. oblong, cucullate, green with a narrow white border. Stamens included; staminodes minute, subulate.-— DCU. Prodr. iii, 371; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 59. Jilecebrum Paronychia, Linn, Sp. Pl. ed. i. 206; Sibth. Fl. Greeca, t. 246.
Wile Land. Dongola: near Chandek, Ehrenberg.
Also in the Mediterranean region.
2. P. bryoides, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 302. A much-branched perennial herb, of which only the very tips of the stems protrude from the surface of the soil. Leaves few, deciduous, oblong, acute, about as long as the bracts. Flowers in small terminal clusters, quite hidden by the copious white scarious bracts. Perianth 1 lin. long ; segments cucullate, becoming scarious. Stamens included. —Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Abyss. 59; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr.215.
Nile Land. Abyssinia: summit of Mount Silke, 13,900 ft., Schimper, 661! summit of Mount Bachit, 15,000 ft., Schimper.
3. P. somaliensis, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 226. A densely tufted perennial herb, Stems slender, glabrous. Leaves sessile, linear, acute, 2-3 lin. long; stipules large, white, lanceolate, scarious, Flowers in globose terminal heads, Perianth 1—1} lin. long; segments lanceolate, 2 much shorter than the others, acute, not cucullate,
12 CV. ILLECEBRACEE (BAKER AND WRIGHT). [Paronychia.
pubescent, green with a white margin. Stamens 5, half as long as the perianth. Ovary small, ovoid, compressed.
Wile Land. Somaliland: near Wardie, Wiss Edith Cole! Mrs. Lort Phillips !
3. HERNIARIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 16.
Perianth herbaceous, deeply 4-5-lobed; tube short: lobes oblong, not awned at the tip. Stamens 4-5, perigynous, shorter than the perianth ; staminodes usually present. Ovary globose; style 0 or very short; stigmas 2; ovule solitary, erect. Fruit a membranous utricle enclosed in the persistent perianth. Seed erect, lenticular ; embryo annular.—Densely tufted much-branched annual or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, stipulate. Flowers minute, clustered in the axils of the upper leaves ; bracts minute.
Species about 10, chiefly Europe.in and Oriental.
1. H. hirsuta, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 218. Perennial, densely matted. Stems densely hairy, 3-6 in. long. Leaves oblong or lanceo- late, sessile, 2 lin. long, hairy and conspicuously ciliate ; stipules short, broad, scarious. Flowers sessile in the axils of the upper leaves. Perianth very hairy, } lin. long; lobes oblong, green with a narrow white edge. Stigmas sessile-—DC. Prodr. iii. 367; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 302; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl, Aethiop. 59; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 215.
Wile Land. Abyssinia: Samen; south side of Mount Silke near Cosso-Berri, Schimper, 202, Mount Bachit, Schimper, 1413, Mount Kubbi, Schimper, 744 !
Also in Europe, North Africa, the Orient, North India and South Africa.
4, CORRIGIOLA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 17.
Perianth 5-partite, herbaceous; segments oblong, obtuse, not mucronate. Stamens 5, perigynous, alternating with 5 scale-like staminodes. Ovary ovoid; style very short; stigmas 3; ovule soli- tary, amphitropous, suspended from a basal funicle. Fruit an inde- hiscent crustaceous nutlet enclosed in the persistent perianth. Seed subglobose, pendulous; embryo annular.—Small diffuse glabrous herbs. Leaves stipulate, usually alternate. Flowers minute, forming congested cymes in the axils of the upper leaves ; bracts and bracteoles minute.
Species 4-6, cosmopolitan,
1, C. litoralis, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 271, Anannual diffuse herb. Stems slender, glabrous, 3-1 ft. long. Leaves alternate, oblanceolate, acute, narrowed to the base or to a short petiole, the lower about 1 in. long. Flowers in congested cymes in the axils of the upper leaves. Perianth globose, green, glabrous, } lin. long. Stamens shorter than the perianth. Nutlet nearly 1 lin. long, verrucose, ovoid-trigonous.—
Corrigiola.| | CY. ILLECEBRACEX (BAKER AND WRIGHT). 13
Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 59. C. littoralis, DC. Prodr, iii. 366 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 305; Schkuhr, Handb, t. 85, fig. 3; Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. i. 182; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 215. C. capensis, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1507; DC. lc.
Nile Land. Enitrea: Shoho, Petit! Akerland, near Halai, 8500 ft., Schwein- Surth! Abyssinia: Adowa, Petit, 359! and without precise locality, Schimper, 1002! 1876!
Also in Europe, South Africa, and Temperate South America.
5. SCLERANTHUS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 19.
Perianth herbaceous when young, crustaceous when mature; tube campanulate; lobes usually 5. Stamens usually 5, inserted at the throat of the perianth-tube ; staminodes 0. Ovary ovoid ; styles 2, distinct ; ovule solitary, pendulous from a basal funicle. Seed lenti- cular ; embryo annular.—Dichotomously branched dwarf annual or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite or fascicled, connate at the base.
Flowers green, in axillary and terminal clusters, not bracteate. Species about 10. Cosmopolitan in the Old World.
1. S. annuus, Linn. Sp. Pi. ed. i. 406. Annual. Stems much- branched, slender, obscurely pubescent, 3-6 in. long. Leaves linear, often fascicled, 3-1 in.long. Flowers in axillary and terminal clusters. Perianth 1} lin. long.; tube 10-ribbed ; lobes lanceolate, acute, as long as the tube, finally erecto-patent. Stamens 5, short.—DC. Prodr. iii. 378; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 304; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 60; Engl. Hochgebirgesfl. Trop. Afr. 216.
Nile Land. Eritrea ; around Saganeiti, Sehweinfurth § Riva, 1372! Abys- sinia: near Adowa, Quartin Dillon & Petit, 360! Schimper, 111! between Mai Goagoa and Debra Sina, Quartin Dillon & Petit, 51! and without precise locality, Schimper, 991 !
Also in Europe, North Africa, the Orient, South Africa, and introduced into North America.
6, COMETES, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI, iii. 18.
Flowers 3-nate, the central perfect, the lateral imperfect, the clusters subdivided by copious deeply divided bracts with pungent subulate segments. Perianth herbaceous, 5-partite ; segments oblong, tipped with a conspicuous spreading mucro. Stamens 5, almost hypogynous, alternating with large petal-like staminodes; filaments united into a cup at the base. Ovary oblong, narrowed into a long filiform style with 3 short stigmatic branches; ovule solitary, erect. Fruit a membranous utricle included in the persistent perianth. Seed erect; embryo straight, dorsal; endosperm scanty.—Dichotomously branched erect herbs. Leaves opposite, minutely stipulate. Flowers in copious clusters at the end of the branchlets.
Species 2, the other Oriental and North Indian,
14 CY. ILLECEBRACEX (BAKER AND WRIGHT). { Cometes.
1. C. abyssinica, 2. Br. in Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. t. 18. An erect perennial herb. Stems 3-1 ft. long, pubescent, many times dicho- tomously branched. Leaves sessile, spreading, lanceolate, opposite or verticillate, the lower 1-1} in. long. Clusters of flowers very numerous, terminal on the branchlets ; bracts at first comparatively small, finally overtopping the flowers, with many stramineous pungent divisions, so that the heads look like a prickly ball about 1 in. in diam. Perianth 2 lin. long, green; segments oblong, tipped with a spreading mucro which becomes as long as the blade. Staminodes lingulate, longer than the fertile stamens—Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 216. Saltia abyssinica, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. App. iv. 74.
Nile Land. Nubia: Soturba Mountains, Schweinfurth, 762! sea-coast to between 3000 and 4000 ft., Bent! Hor Tamanib, Lord! Sudan: Khor Ashat, Broun, 1213! Eritrea: near Mai Mafales, in Dembelas, Schweinfurth, 210! Mount Adaita, near Saati, Schweinfurth Sf Riva, 560! Mount Ketumbal, Ehrenberg! Abyssinia: Begemeder, Schimper, 97, Somaliland, Miss Edith Cole! Mrs. Lort Phillips !
Also in Arabia and the Comoro Islands,
T have not seen the doubtful plant supposed to be allied to Cometes, collected by Major Serpa Pinto, 64, in South Central Africa, and described by Mr. Hiern in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 25.
OrveR CVI. AMARANTACEZS. (By J. G. Baker and C. B. Clarke.)
Flowers 2- (rarely 1-) sexual, many rudimentary or obsolete, monochlamydeous, chaffy or scarious. Perianth-segments united near the base, 5, much imbricated, in a few species 4 or 3 only. Stamens hypogynous, 5 (rarely 4—3), opposite the perianth-segments ; filaments united at the base into a scarious (sometimes very short) tube ; fila- ments linear to the base with processes (staminodes) on the tube alternating with them, sometimes the filaments wider at the base and uniting by an acute sinus into a longer cup-like tube without any staminodes; the processes resemble filaments or are oblong, often fimbriate, or small or nearly obsolete. Anther-cells 2 (in the last 4 genera 1), oblong, with a longitudinal slit; pollen very small, globose. Ovary superior, 1-celled ; style short or long ; stigma capitate or shortly 2—2-fid; ovules on basal funicles, 1 only (except in the first 3 genera). Fruit a membranous utricle (rarely a berry), irregularly breaking up or circumscissile. Seed globose, compressed or ellipsoid ; testa crustaceous, smooth or nearly so; embryo annular round copious endosperm.—Herbs or undershrubs, or (Sericostachys) large climbers. Leaves simple, entire, opposite or alternate. Flowers in spikes, heads or rarely racemes ; perfect flower often solitary, supported by 1 bract and 2 bracteoles; not rarely the solitary perfect flower is supported by 2 (less often 1) rudimentary flowers (within the bract); in some genera 2-3 perfect flowers (with their extra “ bracteoles,” rudimentary flowers) are clustered inside one bract. Flowers small or minute.
CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). 15
Species 600, in tropical and warm countries, mostly weeds.
It is sometimes a question of interpretation whether the ‘‘ bracteoles ” to a per- fect flower are to be considered “ prophylla” or as 2 rudimentary “ flowers” reduced to bracts. In the flower-cluster genera the number of perfect flowers in the cluster is 2 or 1, or mostly 1, in the same flower-spike; the number of sterile flowers in the cluster is highly variable. In some of the species which are considered to have staminodes the staminal tube is a mere rim, and the staminodes are minute and hardly to be made out with the microscope ; but in these cases the filaments being linear to the base (not united by an acute sinus), carry the species to the group diagnosed as having staminodes. In Hermbstedtia it cannot be determined abso- lutely what part of the tube belongs to the fertile filaments, what to the sterile; IL prefer here the earlier view of Dr. Schinz to the later. In the face of these facts, the subjoined table of the genera has been drawn up, as far as practicable, to work (for the African species) from obvious characters. At the same time, it is not admitted that there exists (for instance) between Achyranthes and Pandiaka any more definite difference than that between petioled and sessile leaves.
Leaves alternate. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary with several ovules. Flowers glabrous or nearly so. Flowers pedicelled. Fruit a berry . : . 1. DEERINGIA. Flowers sessile. Utricle membranous. Filaments linear to the base; no staminodes 2. CELOSTA. Filaments broad or staminodes present . . 3. HERMBSTEDTIA. Ovary with 1 ovule. Flowers nearly glabrous, No staminodes. Ovary glabrous.
Fertile flower supported by 2 sterile 4. DIGERA. Fertile flower solitary : 5. AMARANTHUS. Ovary densely woolly i 6. MECHOWIA. Flowers full of fine hairs. Staminodes present. Fertile flower solitary. o’ 7.-ABRVA. 8. SERICOCOMA,
Fertile flower supported by 2 sterile . Leaves opposite. Anthers 2-celled. Bracts of the sterile flowers ending (some of them) in hooked spines. Staminodes present : : : . 9. CYaTHULA. No staminodes ; . 10. PUPALIA. Bracts of the sterile flowers none 2 ending in hooked spines. Flowers (some rudimentary) clustered in partial inflorescences, Staminodes 0. . . . . Staminodes present. Leaves either linear or elliptic . . 12. CypHOCARPA. Leaves narrowly oblong . 13. CENTEMA, Flowers solitary. Staminodes 0. Perianth nearly glabrous. : . 14, PsILoTRICHUM, Perianth with long white hairs. . 15. CHIONOTHRIX. Staminodes present. Leaves present. Erect herbs or small shrubs. Leaves petioled. Fruit-perianth deflexed . 16. ACHYRANTHES.
11. MARCELLIA,
16 CVI. AMARANTACEH (BAKER AND CLARKE). [ Deeringia.
Fruit-perianth patent, obtuse . 17. ACHYROPSIS. Leaves sessile : : : 7 Ss LANDIAKA Large scandent shrubs. ‘ . 19. SERICOSTACHYS.
Leaves mere scales, less than in. long 20. ARTHRERTA. Anthers l-celled. Spikes dense, ovoid or short-
cylindric.
Spikes axillary, sessile. Fruit not, or obscurely flattened . . 2 21. EDANTHERA: Fruit very flat, winged : : 22. ALTERNANTHERA.
Spikes terminal, often sessile—i.e., supported by 2 floral leaves, Staminal tube minute. Plant glabrous . 23. PHILOXERUS. Staminal tube } in. long. Plant hairy . 24. GOMPHRENA,
1. DEERINGIA, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 23.
Flowers 2-sexual; bract 1; bracteoles 2, small, not prickly. Perianth 5-fid, glabrous; segments spreading in fruit. Stamens 5; filaments united below into a tube, linear; interjected teeth 0; anthers 2-celled, oblong. Ovary with several ovules; style hardly any; stigmas 3. Fruit a globose many-seeded berry. Seeds lenticular ; embryoannular ; testa crustaceous.—Rambling or climbing shrubs, nearly smooth. Leaves alternate, entire. Racemes lax, leafless, axillary and penulti- mate ; pedicels solitary, very short.
Species 6, in Africa, South Asia and Oceania.
1. D. celosioides, 2. Br. Prodr. 413. Nearly glabrous. Branches arching, sometimes 10 ft. long. Leaves 3-4 in. long, ovate, acuminate ; petiole 4-1 in. long. Racemes 4-8 in. long, often several towards the ends of the branches, panicled. Perianth whitish; segments 4 in. long. Berry + in. in diam., globose, red.—Bot. Mag. t. 2717. D.- baccata, Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 236; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 97, 98, t. 49; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 7. Celosia baccata, Retz. Obs. v. 23.
Wile Land. British East Africa: near Lake Baringo, 3400 ft., Johnston! Lower Guinea, Princes Island, Barter, 2009! Frequent in South-east Asia.
2. CELOSIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 24.
Flowers 2-sexual ; bract 1; bracteoles 2, small, not prickly. Perianth 5-fid, scarious ; segments oblong or elliptic, obtuse or subacute. Stamens 5; filaments subulate in the upper part, united at the base into a cylindric cup ; interjected teeth 0 or minute bristles ; anthers 2-celled, oblong or round; pollen small, 10-20 » in diam., globose, with few (small or large) tubercles. Ovary ovoid; ovules 2 or more on basal funicles; style long or short, 3-fid or 2-fid. Capsule ovoid or oblong, or (in 2 species) wide at the top, several-seeded (but in C. nana and C. populifolia 1-seeded), membranous, circumscissile. Seeds lenticular ; embryo annular ; testa crustaceous, shining, brown-black, smooth (never
Celosia. | CVI. AMARANTACE® (BAKER AND CLARKE), ‘4
even microscopically tubercular.—Annuals or undershrubs, erect or rambling ; young parts and inflorescence usually minutely and sparingly hairy. Leaves alternate, petioled, mostly ovate-lanceolate, entire or (in C. pandurata) lobed. Cymes or flower-clusters, usually forming a leafless very narrow panicle or pseudospike, axillary or terminal or panicled.
Species 40, in the warmer parts of the world.
The bract and bracteoles are pointed when the perianth-segments are pointed ; and obtuse when the perianth-segments are rounded. The seeds in all the species have similar cells on the surface arranged in a similar semi-annular way; they are more or less conspicuous as the seeds were more or less ripened, and as the examples were more or less gradually dried.
*LESTIBUDESIA. Style 3-fid. Perianth 4 in. long. Spikes dense, continuous. 1. C. argentea. Perianth much less than $ in. long. Style at least 4 the length of the young capsule.
Leaves spathulate, elliptic-lanceolate 2. C. laxa. Leaves narrowly oblong . 3. C. cuneifolia. Style hardly any 4. C. trigyna.
**EU-CELosIA. Style 2-fid. tCapsule several-seeded; 1-seeded capsules very rare. Style distinct, with rather long ascending branches. Panicles reduced to rather dense pseudo- spikes, Leaves pandurate, lower sub-3-lobed. 5. C. pandurata. Leaves entire, ovate. Capsule } in. long. : : . 6. C. loandensis. Capsule + in. long. : : . %. C. macrocarpa, Spikes axillary, slender, linear, interrupted 8, C. stuhlmanniana. Style very short or obsolete. Flowers small ; perianth 7, in. long. Cap- sule longer than the perianth. Capsule narrowed at the top; style
visible . : A : a . 9. C. schweinfurthiana. Capsule clavate at the top; stigmas alone visible ; ° . 10. C. acroprosodes.
Flowers very small; perianth ~.-;y in. long. Capsule included in the peri-
anth. Leaves 2-4 in. long; inflorescence
white . , . . 11. C. staticodes. Leaves 2in, long; inflorescence pale
brown . , ° . ; . 12. C. leptostachya. Leaves less than 1 in. long; inflores-
cence white . : : : - 13. C. minutiflora.
+4+Capsule 1-seeded.
Leaves hardly } in. long . . . 14, C. nana. Leaves 2-3 in. long . : ; . 15. C. populifolia.
1. C. argentea, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 205, ed. 2,296. A glabrescent branched annual, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves alternate, variable in size and VOL, VI.—SECT. I c
18 CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE}. [ Celosia.
form, sometimes 1-1} in. long and linear, sometimes spathulate- elliptic and 4-5 in. long on petioles 1-2 in. long. Spikes continuous, very dense, } in. broad and upwards, scarious, straw-coloured, often 4-6 in. long, sometimes $-lin. long. Perianth } in. long and upwards ; segments oblong, subacute. Filaments linear, united into a tube at the base; interjected teeth 0, or rarely minute and bristle-like, much shorter than the filaments; anther-cells 2, oblong; pollen globose, 18 » in diam., with a few tubercles. Ovary ellipsoid, narrowed upwards into the long style, 3-branched at top. Capsule ellipsoid, narrowed at the top, much shorter than the perianth, circumscissile; seeds several, often 4-8.—Forsk. Fl. Aigypt.-Arab. evii.; Hook. Niger Fl. 491; T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile, Append. 646; Oliver in Trans, Linn. Soe. xxix. 140; Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 178; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 205; Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 172; Schinz in Engl. and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 93, fig. D, and 99, t. 51, figs. A, B, C, in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 180, in Bull. Herb. Boiss, iv. Append. ii. 163; Zarb in Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 33; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 885; Dur. & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 231; Dur. & De Wild. in Comptes-rendus Soc, Bot. Belg. xxxvi. 84; De Wild. & Dur. Pl. Thonner. Congol. 14; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 4, 5, t. 1, fig. A, B; Schlechter, Westafr. Kautsch.-Exped. 287. C. margaritacea, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 11. 297. C. splendens, Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 140 (the style-branches having been broken off) ; Moquin in DC. Prodr. xlil. 11. 244.
Upper Guinea. Liberia: Kakatown, Whyte! Gold Coast: Accra, Don! and without precise locality, Brown, 373! Lagos, Dawodu,61! Northern Nigeria : Nupe, Barter, 154! Southern Nigeria : River Quorra (Niger), Vogel, 29! Benin, Dennett, 16!
North Central. Bagirmi and region of Lake Fittri, Chevalier, 9827 !
Nile Land. Darfur, Purdy, 30! Kordofan, Steudner, 650! Kotschy, 84! 149! 230! Pfund,890! Sennar, Kotschy, 259! Gallabat: Matamma, Schwein- furth, 635! 636, 637! Abyssinia: Tigre; 5700 ft., Schimper, 1350! Gageros ; 4000 ft., Schimper, 2260! and without precise locality, Schimper, 456! White Nile, Petherick! Schweinfurth, 952! Sobat River, Muriel, S, 55! Uganda Speke & Grant, 532! British East Africa: Njemps-Mkuba, Gregory !
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo, Smith, 38! 74! Hens, C, 172! Coquilhat- ville, Schlechter, 12609! Angola: Cazella, Welwitsch, 1082; River Cuango, Welwitsch, 6543! 80 miles from Ambriz, Monteiro !
South Central. Congo Free State: Stanley Pool, Callewaert! Mtowa Descamps ; Bingila, Dupuis ; Nyangue, Demeuse ; Mukenje, Pogge.
Mozamb. Dist. British East Africa: Witu, Thomas, 41! Mto Ndei, Scott-
Elliot, 6215! Uganda: Kavirondo, Scott Elliot, 7076! Usoga, Scott-Elliot, 7214! Nyasaland: Tanganyika, Carson, 2!
Also in Arabia, South-east Asia, Malaya. C. eristata, Linn, (Loanda, Welwitsch, 65128), is a cultivated state of C. argentea, Linn., introduced or run wild in many warm parts of the world.
2, C. laxa, Schumach. d- Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 141. A nearly glabrous branched herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves alternate, lower long-
Celosia. | CVI, AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). 19
petioled ; blade ovate to lanceolate, often 3 in. long. Inflorescence of terminal white linear panicles 2-4 by } in., much looser than those of C. argentea, often somewhat interrupted. Perianth 4-1} in. long; segments oblong, 1-nerved, scarious, straw-coloured, acute. Filaments 5, linear, with no teeth between them ; anthers short, elliptic. Capsule ovoid, narrowed at the top, hidden by the perianth; style 4-2 the length of the capsule, 3-fid. Seeds several.Moquin in DC. Prodr, xii. ii. 241; Hook. Niger Fl. 491; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 885 partly (ice. excl. C’. Loandensis) ; Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 172; Dur. & Schinz, Etudes FI. Congo, 232; Dur. & De Wild. in Comptes. -rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvi. 85; Schinz in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 180; Schlecht. West-afr. Kautsch.-Exped. 287.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 570! Gambia, Brown-Lester, 17! Sierra Leone: near Kambia, Scolt-Elliot, 4227! near Berria, Scott-Elliot, 5403! Liberia, Whyte. Grand Bassa, Vogel, 82! Gold Coast: Aburi Hills, Johnson, 472 ! Lagos, Barter, 20145! Yoruba, Schlechter, 13039! Cameroons: Bipindi, Zenker, 2647! Yaunde, 2500 ft., Zenker et Staudt, 165! Northern Nigeria: Borgu, Barter! Bornu, Elliott, 123! Fernando Po, Vogel, 158! Mann, 80!
Nile Land. Niamniam: by the River Nabambisso, Schweinfurth, 2971!
Lower Guinea. Lcwer Congo: Bingila, Dupuis; and without precise locality, Smith ! Angola: Loanda, Welwitsch, 6558! 6558B! Golungo Alto, 1000— 2400 ft., Welwitsch, 6577! Huilla, Welwitsch, 6495 !
South Central. Congo Free State: Bangala, 1000 ft., Hens, C, 175! Mon- buttu : Munza, Schweinfurth, 3479 !
Var. 8 pilosa, Schinz in Bull. Herb, Boiss, 2 sér. iii. 9. Stem feebly sparsely hairy.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Rio del Rey, Johnston /
3. C. cuneifolia, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 276, partly. Ends of the 3 branches seen 15 in. long, nearly bare of leaves, with several lateral branches, each terminated by a linear panicle. Leaves 1-1} in. long, oblong, obscurely pubescent. Linear panicles 1-4 by $ in., alto- gether resembling those of C. lawa, Schumach. ; perianth, stamens, stvle, capsule and seeds, undistinguishable from those of C. laxa, Schumach.
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; Shupanga, Kirk ! Lower Shire; Moramballa Hill, Kirk !
The stem and leaves are more pubescent than those of C. lara. Baker also cited a plant collected by Meller in the Shire valley which has pandurate leaves, and is here referred to C. pandurata.
4, C. trigyna, Linn. Vant. 212. A branched, straggling, nearly glabrous herb, 1-4 ft. high. Lower leaves long-petioled ; blade 1-5 in. long, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate. Linear panicles 4-12 in. long, interrupted, sometimes reduced to a nearly simple spike ; sometimes the distant globular cymes are 1 in. in diam., with numerous flowers. Perianth + in. long, white, straw-coloured, or dusky ; ; segments oblong, subacute, l-nerved or nerveless, Filaments 5, without interjected teeth ; anthers short elliptic. Style hardly any; branches 3, rather long. Capsule subglobose, several-seeded.—Hook. Niger Fl. 491;
20 CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). [Celosia.
Mogquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 240; A. Rich. Tent. FI. Abyss. ii. 211; T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile, Append. 646; Garcke in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 504; Zarb in Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 33; Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. xxix. 140, excl. syn.; Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 179 (excl. Ehrenberg’s Togodele plant); Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 205; Schinz in Engl.& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. LA, 99, in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 180, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Append. ii. 162, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 172; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 884; E. G. Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. sér. 2, Bot. iv. 39; Dur. & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, 232 ; Dur. & De Wild. in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvi. 85. C. caudata, Vahl, Symb. i. 21. C. melanocarpos, Poir. Encycl. Suppl. iv. 318. C. triloba, Meisn. in Hook. London Journ. ii. (1843), 448 (548). C. chenopodiifolia and C. semperflorens, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 276, 277 (both which I make out to be trigynous). C. adoensis, Hochst. & Steud. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 211. Achyranthes decumbens and A. paniculata, Forsk. Fl, A¢gypt.-Arab. 47,48. Lestibudesia trigyna, R. Br. Prodr. 414.
Upper Guinea. Senegal, Roger! Senegambia, Heudelot, 120! Cape Verde, Brunner, 139! Sierra Leone, Smeathmann / Afzelius! Samu, Scott-Elliot, 4331! French Guinea: Dantilia, Scott-Hiliot, 5267! Gold Coast: Aburi, Brown, 311! Johnson, 1096! Krobo, Johnson, 554! Accra, Don! Ansell ! Togo, Warnecke, 27! Northern Nigeria: Stirling Hill, Vogel, 182! Ansell! Nupe, Baikie! Borgu, Barter, 1341! Fernando Po, Barter ! Vogel, 180! Cameroons : Yaunde, 2500 ft., Zenker § Staudt, 345! and without precise locality, Preuss, 1291!
Wile Land. Nubia, Kotschy, 79! 369! Eritrea, Schweinfurth, 254, 331, 1650, 1876, 2035, 2182. Galabat : Matamma, Schweinfurth, 665! Abyssinia: Adowa, Schimper, 49! Tigre, Schimper, 177! and without precise locality, Quartin- Dilion & Petit, 221! Togodele, Ehrenberg ! Kordofan, Kotschy, 75! 285! Pfund, 899! Upper Sennar: Fazokl, Kotschy, 548! White Nile, Murie! Schweinfurth, 1050! Khartoum, Schweinfurth, 782! Jur, Schweinfurth, 2387! Niamniam, Schweinfurth, 2986! Uganda: Entebbe, 3900 ft., Brown, 35! Busogo, in gardens, Whyte, B, 5! and without precise locality, Cunningham! Wilson, 463! Speke & Grant! British East Africa; Kavirondo, Scott-Elliot, 7019! Ribe, Wakefield ! Mombasa, Wakefield !
Lower Guinea. Annabon Island, Burton ! Loango, Soyaur, 194! Lower Congo: Bingila, Dupuis ; and without precise locality, Smith ! Burton! Angola: Dembe, Monteiro! Huilla, Welwitsch, 6485! Loanda, Welwitsch, 6537! Goss- weiler, 172! 392! 6560; Ambriz, Welwitsch, 6557! Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 6562! Ambaca, Welwitsch, 6571! Chella Mountains, Johnston /
South Central. Congo Free State: Congo Forest, Doggett! Mtowa Descamps.
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Hildebrandt, 1033! German East Africa: Karagwe ; Kagera River, 5000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 8139! Nyasaland: Nyika Plateau, McClounie, 105! 156! Namasi, Cameron, 31! Masuku Plateau, 6500-7000 ft., Whyte! Mount Chiradzulu, Whyte! Mlanji, Whyte, 166! Blantyre, Last / Buchanan, 52! Manganja Hills, Meller! Lower Zambesi: Tete, Kirk! Boruma, Menyharth, 823! Matabeleland, Holud !
Also in Madagascar and Arabia.
There may be two species here: in C. semperflorens, J. G. Baker (nearly = C. adoensis, Hochst. et Steud.), the long inflorescences are reduced nearly or quite
Celosia. | CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). 21
to spikes; while in C. trigyna (Schweinfurth, 782, 1050; &c.) the branches of the linear panicle are compound cymulose.
5. C. pandurata, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897,276. Stem erect, 23 ft. high, divided, thinly hairy. Lower leaves long-petioled ; blade 3-4 in. long, pandurate, sub-3-lobed, the two lateral lobes ovate or oblong, 1} in. long. Panicles $ to 4 in. long, 4 in. broad, condensed into continuous somewhat dense pseudospikes, scarious, straw-coloured, in fruit fuscous. Perianth } in. long; segments oblong, acute, when young l-nerved or obscurely nerved, in fruit sometimes strongly 5- nerved. Filaments linear, without interjected teeth; anthers oblong. Style longer than 4 the capsule, with 2 ascending linear branches. Capsule nearly as long as the perianth, usually about 3-seeded.—C. cuneifolia, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 296 partly (i.e. as to Meller’s example which has the lower leaves 3-lobed).
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Musa, Holst, 3124! Portuguese East Africa: below Shigogo on the Lower Zambesi, Kirk! lower part of the Shire Valley, Meller !
6. C. loandensis, Paker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 277. A nearly glabrous rambler, the numerous elongate panicle-bearing branches springing at right angles from a main branch. Leaves petioled; blade 13-2 in. long, ovate-lanceolate. Inflorescences 2—6 by 4-3 in. ; lateral cymes small, few-flowered, or often 1—flowered, not confluent. Perianth % in. long; segments oblong, acute, scarious, straw-coloured, on the back many-nerved, often somewhat fuscous. Filaments linear, without interjected teeth ; anthers oblong. Style hardly half the length of the young capsule, with 2 long ascending branches. Capsule about as long as the perianth, usually 2—3-seeded.—C. laxa, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 885 partly, not of Schumacher.
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo, Smith! Angola: Loanda, Welwitsch, 65373 ! Gossweiler, 363! Golungo Alto, 1000-2400 ft., Welwitsch, 6578.
The styles I find in these plants uniformly 2-fid. But the plants will not match C. laxa in habit or inflorescence.
7. C. macrocarpa, Volkens ex Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 6. Glabrous. Leaves 14 by 3% in., ovate, acute; base truncate or almost cordate, shortly decurrent; petiole hardly } in. long. Spikes long, linear, rather dense, the flower-clusters hardly pedicelled. Capsule ovoid, nearly + in. long, inflated.
Mozamb. Dist. Kilimanjaro; 4500 ft., Volkens, 2244!
From the fragments seen in Herb. Schinz, this species must bear a close general resemblance to C. loandensis, Baker.
8. C. stuhlmanniana, Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. 419. Glabrous. Leaves alternate; blade 24 by ? in., elliptic-lanceolate, base cuneate, tip lanceolate, acuminate; petiole } in. long. Spikes axillary, 1-2 together, peduncled, linear, 4 in, long, apparently simple; flowers
22 CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). | Celosia.
in clusters of 1-3, nearly sessile, distant. Style very short; branches 2, linear-oblong.
Nile Land. Uganda: Albert Nyanza, Stuhlmann, 3052! 3584.
9. C. schweinfurthiana, Schinz in Lngl. Jahrb. xxi. 178, 180. A nearly glabrous rambler, attaining 4 or 5 ft. at least. Leaves long- petioled; blade 3 in. long, ovate-lanceolate. Linear panicles attaining 10 by 1 in., usually less developed, sometimes appearing as elongate simple interrupted spikes. Perianth 5 in. long; segments oblong, rounded at the top, fuscous on the back, narrowly scarious on the margin; but in early flower they are (sometimes at least) wholly scarious straw-coloured. Filaments linear, without interjected teeth. Capsule ellipsoid, truncate at the top, often exceeding the perianth, several-seeded. Style very short, with 2 early-recurved branches.— Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 172; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw, i. 884 ; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 107.
Nile Land. Niamniam, Schweinfurth, 3062! Uganda: Albert Edward Nyanza; Scott-Elliot, 8053! 8087! Ruwenzori, Scott-Elliot, 7408! British East Africa: Mombasa and Ribe, Wakefield! Taita, Hildebrandt, 2530.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 6551! Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 6563! 6569! . Cazengo, Gossweiler, 489!
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara, Buchwald, 160, 486, 489! Holst, 452, Albers, 147. Karagwe; Bukoba, Stuhlmann, 1616, 3271, 3877, 4086. Usagara, Stuhlmann, 6170! Portuguese East Africa Shire Valley, Scott !
Var. 8 sansibariensis, Schinz in Bull, Herb. Boiss. 2 sér, iii. 9. Young fruit elongated, oblong or narrowly ellipsoid, exserted from the perianth.—C. sansi- bariensis, Vatke ex Schinz, l.c.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usaramo; Dar-es-Salaam, Hildebrandt, 1247!
10. ©. acroprosodes, Hochst. in Bot. Zeit. 1856, 598. A nearly glabrous, loosely-branched plant, 2~3 ft. long at least. Leaves petioled ; blade 2-24 in. long, cordate ovate-lanceolate. Inflorescences 6-15 by 3-} in., scarious-white; the small dense cymes of small flowers standing apart, except at the tip of the panicle. Perianth |}, in. long; segments elliptic, obtuse, white. Filaments linear, without interjected teeth. Ovary when young with a thickened spongy top; capsule a little longer than the perianth, oblong-clavate, pale straw-coloured; the two curved ends of the style projecting out of a small hole depressed in the head of the capsule. Seeds several (3), all in the lower membranous part of the capsule.—C. intermedia, Hochst. in Bot. Zeit. 1856, 598; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii.1A, 1002 C. anthelmintica, Ascherson in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 176; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 205, Pa. Ost-Afr. C. 172; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ii. LA, 100, and 94 t. 48, fig. G, in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 180. C. oblongo- carpa, Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. 418 ; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 6.
Celosia. | CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). 23
C. trigyna, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 140, partly, not of Linn. C’. acroporoides, Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 25, errore typogr.
Nile Land. Abyssinia: Dscha-Dscha, 5000 ft., Schimper, 2147! 2173! British East Africa: Taita ; Ndi Mountain, Hildebrandt, 2530! Baringo, 3400 ft., Johnston! Uganda; Makungoni, Elliott, 356!
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro ; Kake plains, Volkens, 2206 !
On typical examples, at the British Museum, the capsules are nearly all clavate at the top; but there are a few capsules (on the same stems) which are ovoid, conic at the top into a short style.
11. C.staticodes, Wiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw.i. 886, A herb, 2-3 ft. high; the stem and nerves of the leaves more or less pubescent. Leaves up to 4 by 2} in., ovate-acuminate, base truncate or subcordate ; petiole i-2 in. long. Inflorescences 1 ft. long, compound paniculate ; lateral panicles 3-4 in. long, loose. Perianth ;', in. long, white; seg- ments elliptic, acute, fuscous, scarious on margins. Stamens of Celosia. Ovary very young; style hardly any, with 2 branches.—C.. dewevreana, Schinz in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxix. 102.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto; outskirts of the forest in Sobato de Mussengue, Welwitsch, 6572 !
South Central. Congo Free State, Dewevre, 230!
12. ©. leptostachya, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 491. Stem 1-2 ft. long, slender, little divided. Leaves petioled; blade 2 by } in., spathulate-ovate-lanceolate. Spike 5 in. long, linear, apparently simple, the small clusters of flowers + in. apart, subsessile. Perianth very small, hardly ;', in. long, becoming brown in fruit. Filaments linear, short; anthers round. Capsule rather longer than the perianth, ovoid, several-seeded ; style short, shortly 2-fid.—Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii, 1A, 99, in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 180; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, 232; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 107.
Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Vogel, 141! Cameroons: Batanga, Bates, 156! Dinklage, 106.
South Central. Congo Free State: Bangala, Hens, 126.
Bentham says the styles are mostly 3-fid: I think not; the over-ripe extruded styles are recurved, often twisted, and deceptive. Except by the style character, [ do not see how the species is to be separated from weak examples of C. trigyna, Linn.
13. C. minutiflora, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 277. Branch 15 in. long, slender, little divided. Leaves small, whitened beneath ; lower orbicular, }-} in. in diam.; upper 3-3 in. long, elliptic-oblong. Panicle 6 by } in., reduced to a spike ; the small clusters of very white flowers standing 1} in. apart, subsessile. Perianth about ,}, in. long. Capsule small, ovoid, several-seeded ; style hardly any, branches 2.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Urambo, in Unyamwezi, Han- nington !
14. C. nana, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 277. Plant 4 in. high, branched from the base, glabrous. Leaves oblong or ovate, none so
24 CVI, AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). [ Celosia,
much as } in. long, including the petiole. Panicles terminal, inter- rupted, of small close cymes. Perianth ,; in. long, scarious straw- coloured, becoming brown. Filaments linear at the top, without interjected teeth. Ovary subglobose, with (sometimes at least) 2-3 basal ovules. Style hardly any; branches 2 short. Capsule constantly 1-seeded.— Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 1. 885.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 6566, 6566B !
15. C. populifolia, Moguin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 239, amend- ing the description. Undershrub, 2-3 ft. high, little hairy. Leaves petioled; blade ovate-lanceolate, 3 by 1} in., base rounded or trun- cate, hardly subcordate. The linear panicles, 4-7 by } in., in a copious thyrsus at the end of the branches, when young straw-coloured, later dark-coloured. Cymes small, subsessile, close together, hardly confluent. Perianth-segments 1, in. long, oblony, scarious white, with a dark mark down the back even when young. Filaments linear, without interjected teeth ; anthers oblong ; pollen globose, 15 win diam., with a few large tubercles. Ovary with (often at least) 2 or 3 ovules; style short, with 2 branches. Capsule as long as the perianth, ovoid, invariably 1-seeded.—A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 212; Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 179; Schinz in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 180, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Append. ii. 163. C. dracheata, Zarb in Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 33? Chamissoa populifolia, Hochst. ex Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii, ii. 239.
Wile Land. Abyssinia: Modat, Schimper, 1038! Togodele, Ehrenberg ! White Nile, Schweinfurth, 938! 1048! Broun! Darfur, Purdy, 29! Kordofan, Pfund, 225!
Hochstetter put this species in Chamissoa, because he found the capsule 1-seeded. Mogquin transferred it to Celosia, stating twice over that tle capsule is 2—4-seeded. Among the abundant material I find the capsule always 1-seeded. Hence has arisen much confusion over this species; in particular Schweinfurth 9388 and 1048 have both been distributed under the name of Celosia anthelmintiea, Aschers.
Imperfectly known species,
16. C. hastata, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 106. An erect under- shrub; branches 3-4 ft. long. Leaves 1-13 by 2 in., oblong or linear, petioled, lower hastate, puberulous. Spikes 13 by 2 in., dense cylindric ; flowers 2-5 ina cluster. Perianth straw-coloured, } in. long. Fila- ments subulate, hairy. Style as long as the utricle, 3-fid. Utricle obovoid, circumcissile, with numerous seeds.—Lopr. in Malpighia, xiv. 427.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Muoa, Holst, 3124.
3. HERMBSTAIDTIA, Reichb.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 25.
Fertile stamens 5; sterile stamens developed as processes, some- times alternate with and distinct from the fertile filaments, sometimes
fused wholly or partially with these. Otherwise as Celosia ; with which Hermbstedtia agrees perfectly in habit.
Hermbstedtia.] CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). 25
Species 15, in Tropical and South Africa. *Evu-H&RMBSTEDTIA.—Sterile stamens alternate with and distinct from the fertile filaments, oblong, divided at the top into two lanceolate lobes. Leaves 13 in. long, linear.
Sterile stamens about as long as the fertile 1. H. recurva.
Sterile stamens much longer than the fertile . . 2. HH, elegans. Leaves 3-1 in. long,
Leaves narrowly oblong, parallel-sided . i . 8. A. dammarensis.
Leaves widely obovate . . ; : ; . 4. HH. Gregoryt.
**GoMPHRO-HERMBSTEDTIA.—Filaments 5, oblong, slightly widened upwards with two lobes at the top, oblong, divergent or unequal, or very short and almost obsolete; between these lobes is the sessile anther.
This subgenus has been put back into Celosia by Schinz and Lopriore ; a view which involves the assumption that the 5 stamens which are fertile in Hu-Hermb- stedtia are sterile in Gomphro-Hermbstedtia. It is preferable, with J. G. Baker, to suppose the bifid processes of the former to be yet more deeply bifid in the latter and fused in separate halves with the fertile filaments. What Lopriore regards as avery broad filament is then a linear filament fused on either side with half a Sterile filament.
Lateral lobes at the top of the filament manifest Style 3-fid.
Perianth 4-2 in. long : : : , . 5. H. argenteiformis. Perianth } in. long or less. Heads short ovoid . : : é : . 6. . Schinzit. Heads cylindri . . : ‘ ‘ . @, HH. faleata.
Style 2-fid . : : : : : . 8. A. linearis. Lateral lobes at the shoulder of the filament obscure or obsolete.
Plant nearly glabrous . 9. H, longistyla.
Stem and leaves pubescent, at Jeast when young. Stem hairy even in age g 5 > Zi . 10. H. scabra. Stem in age nearly glabrous z - . ll. H. Fleckit,
*** PsruDo-HERMBSTEDTIA—Filaments 5, depressed-ovate; on the summit of each is a short or minute fertile filament. This subgenus has also been put back into Celosia by Schinz and Lopriore. It is supposed here that the broad ovate part of the filaments is formed of the fertile filaments fused in some way with the sterile. At all events, the line between H. scabra (with the lateral proce-ses at the top of the filament sometimes nearly obsolete) and H. angolensis (with no trace of such pro- cesses) is so narrow that the two species must be placed in the same genus.
Leaves 13 by 4 in., oblong : i : . 12. HA. angolensis. Leaves 4 by 3 in., obovate ‘ ; ; : . 13. H. spathulefolia.
l. H. recurva, C. B. Clarke. Rhizome thickened, very long, per- pendicular. Stem 1 ft.long, divided repeatedly from the base. Leaves 1-1} in. long, linear, the lower linear-oblong, nearly glabrous. Spikes + in. broad, continuous, simple, 4-14 in. long. Perianth 4 in. long; segments oblong, triangular at the tip, striate on the back, more or less pink on the back when young, fuscous in fruit. Filaments linear, shorter than the staminal tube; anthers small, round ; pollen globose, 20 » in diam., tubercled; interjected processes (infertile stamens ?) scarcely longer than the stamens, quadrate-oblong, divided at the top into two lanceolate spreading segments. Style very short, 3-fid. Cap- Sule ovoid, with few seeds.—H. Caffra, Moquin in DC. Prodr. xii. 11. 246,
26 CVI. AMARANTACEA (BAKER AND CLARKE). | Hermbstedtia.
? partly ; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pfanzenfam. iii. 1A, 100, ? partly; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 106, ? partly. H. elegans, var. B recurva, Mogquin in DU. Prodr. xiii. 11. 247. Celosia recurva, Burchell, Travels, ii. 226.—Not Lestiboudesia ? Caffra, Meisn.
Lower Guinea. Hereroland, Fischer, 27.
Also in South Africa.
Lestiboudesia? Caffra, Meisn. (in Hook. London Journ. Bot. ii. 1843, 549, misprinted 449), is a much larger plant than this, with spathulate-oblong leaves ; Meisner’s type is Krauss 37 from Natal, in the British Museum, in which the styles are ail 2-fid. It was perhaps owing to the difficulty Meisner had in seeing them 3-fid that he put a ? after the genus Lestiboudesia.
2. H.elegans, Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 247. Branches 12-18 in. long, divided. Leaves 1-14 in. long, linear or narrow-oblong, glabrous. Spikes terminal, cylindric, nearly continuous, }—2 in. broad, 2-9 in. long. Perianth nearly } in. long. Filaments very short, linear ; anthers oblong; interjected processes much overtopping the stamens, divided at the top into two lanceolate spreading segments. Ovary and capsule as of H. Caffra.—Schinz in Engl. & Prant), Pflanzenfam. ili. 1A, 100; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 5, 104, fig. 1 G,106. Celosia odorata, Burchell, Travels, i. 8389; Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 244.
Mozamb. Dist. Bechuanaland: Kobis to North Shaw Valley, Baines! Kalahari Desert, near Bachakuru, Lugard, 236!
Frequent in South Africa.
3. H. dammarensis, (’. 2. Clarke. Nearly glabrous. Leaves 4-1 by 3-4 in., very obtuse, parallel-sided. Spikes several, 1-4 by 3-2 in., white, dense. Perianth 4 in. long ; segments broadly elliptic, very obtuse. Staminal tube large; interjected processes bifid, about as long as the stamens. Young fruit ovoid; style very short ; branches 3, thick, rather long, recurved.
Lower Guinea, Dammaraland, Zen /
This species is very distinct by the usually broad rounded white perianth- segments.
4. H. Gregoryi, (’. B.Clarke. A branched rigid undershrub, 10 in. high, nearly glabrous. Leaves 4 by 2 in., strongly obovate, rounded at the top, much narrowed at the base. Spikes very dense, 2 by 2 in., white. Perianth 4 in. long; segments round-elliptic. Processes (interjected between the linear filaments) about as long as the fertile stamens, deeply bifid. Young capsule ovoid-conic; style about 4 the length of the capsule; branches 3, small.
Wile Land. British East Africa : Tana River, Gregory.
5. H. argenteiformis, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xxxi. 209. Nearly glabrous, branched, 2 ft. high. Leaves 14 by ¢ in. Spikes terminal, dense, continuous, scarious white, 3 in. broad, long- cylindric or ovoid. Perianth 4-2 in. long; segments broad-oblong, triangular at the tip, 3-nerved on the back. Filaments fertile 5, ovate-
oblong (by union with the barren filaments), the apparent filament
Hermbstedtia,| CVI. AMARANTACEH (BAKER AND CLARKE). 27
prolonged at the tip into two oblong processes as long as the subsessile oblong anther between them. Ovary narrowed into the long style, 3-fid at the top. Capsule hardly 4 in. long, ovoid, few-seeded.—//. Welwitschii, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 278. Celosia argenteiformis, Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 100, in Engl. Jahrb. xxi, 180, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 1 sér. v. Append. iii. 63, incl. var. oblongifolia; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 886; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 5, 104, fig.1 D. C. Yoenjesii, Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 sér. iii. 8 (44).
Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 6502! German South- west Africa: Hereroland, Nels! Belck, 33, 45, Guerich, 126, Fleck, 732; Amboland, Wulfhorst, 25, Toenjes, 19, 25; Great Namaqualand; Rehoboth, Fleck, 35, 1744, 658, 939.
6. H. Schinzii, C. B. Clarke. An erect, nearly glabrous annual, 5-8 in. high. Leaves 3-1} by ;/; in. Spikes terminal, } by 2 in., shortly ovoid, dense, scarious white. Perianth } in. long; segments broadly oblong, shortly acute, 3-nerved on the back, often pink on the back when young. Filaments fertile 5, broad-oblong, the apparent filament prolonged at the top into two oblong processes overtopping the oblong anther between them. Ovary ellipsoid, narrowed upwards into a short style, 3-fid at the top. Capsule ellipsoid, narrower upwards, several-seeded.—Celosia linearis, Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. Append, iii. 64, partly, not any part of Hermbstedtia linearis, Schinz.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Amboland; Ondongo, Rau- tanen, 73!
This plant is easily separated from Hermbstadtia linearis, Schinz, by its 3-fid style ; apart from that character, the heads and perianth are different. In his later diagnoses of new species Schinz rarely tells us whether the style is 2-fid or 3-fid.
7. H. falcata, C. 2. Clarke. Anannual,10in. high, much branched from the base. Leaves 4-1} by jin. Spikes 3 by 3 in., cylindric, dense (or slightly interrupted at the base). Staminal tube and anthers as of /7/. Schinzii. Style 3-fid. Capsule as of 7. Schinzii.—Celosia falcata, Lopriore in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 58, xxx. 5, 104, fig. 1 F, in Malpighia, xiv. 427.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; between Mossamedes and Capangamb:, Capello, 4.
Not seen. From the full description of Lopriore, this species must be very close to H. Schinzii, possibly the full form of that species; it differs in being a stouter plant, with the inflorescence 3 in. long and cylindric, instead of 4 in. long and ovoid.
8. H. linearis, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xxxi. 210. Nearly glabrous, much branched, 1 ft. high. Leaves 1 by 71, in. Spikes terminal, 4 in. broad, long-cylindric or short-ellipsoid, continuous, not dense. Perianth 1 in. long, scarious; segments broad-oblong, hardly acute, 3-nerved on the back, pink on the back when young. Filaments fertile 5, broadly oblong (i.e. combined with the 5 sterile), produced at the top into two short lateral elliptic lobes, much shorter than the elliptic anther between them. Style long, 2-fid. Capsule ovoid,
28 CVI, AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). [Hermbstedtia.
narrowed at the top, several-seeded.—Celosia linearis, Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 99, fig. 51 D, and 100, in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 180, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 1 sér. v. Append. iii. 64 partly ; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 5, 104, fig. 1 E.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Amboland ; Upingtonia, Schinz, 1 Dr. Schinz united this with H. Schinzii.
9. H. longistyla, (. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous. Leaves 1-14 by + in., narrowly elliptic. Spikes several, terminal one 1} by 3 in., dense, lateral ovoid. Perianth } in. long; segments narrowly elliptic, hardly acute, pink on the back. Filaments 5 (apparently), oblong, slightly widened at the top with a very small lateral process on each side ; anther large, oblong, subsessile between the two processes. Style 4-3 in. long, four times as long as the ovary, 3-branched at the tip.
Lower Guinea. Dammaraland; Len /
10. H. scabra, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenb, xxxi. 209. Stem 2 ft high, almost shrubby, laxly and thinly hairy. Leaves 14-2 by 4-4 in., oblong or narrowly elliptic, obscurely and laxly hairy. Spikes terminal, 2 by 4 in., continuous but not dense. Perianth } in. long or rather longer, scarious white ; segments broadly oblong, hardly acute, 3-nerved on the back, sometimes pink on the back when young. Filaments fertile 5, broad-oblong ; the apparent filament prolonged at the top into two processes shorter than the intermediate oblong anther, often unequal or very small. Style very long, much exserted trom the perianth, 3-fid. Capsule small ovoid, narrowed at the top, few-seeded. —Celosia scabra, Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 100, in Eng]. Jahrb. xxi. 180, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. Append. iii. 64; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb, xxx. 5, 104, fig. 1 C.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Amboland; Olukonda, Schinz, 3! Rautanen, 74! 52.
Mozamb. Dist. Ngamiland: Kwebe Hills,Zugard, 151! Mrs. Lugard, 196!
Schinz (in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 sér. iv. 8 (44) in obs.) says this species is of subgenus Pseudo-Hermbstedtia, because the filaments are not lobed at the top. The lobes are shorter than the anther; but the oblong “filaments” widened at the
top (not broad-ovate, as in Pseudo-Hermbstedtia) place this species in the subgenus Gomphro-Hermbstedtia.
11. H. Pleckii. Annual. Leaves 1} by } in., obtuse, pubescent when young, soon glabrate. Spikes cylindric, interrupted at the base. Perianth-segments } in. long, acute, when young rose-coloured on the back. Filaments not lobed at the top. Style-branches not described. Allied to C. scabra, Schinz, but much less hairy.—Celosia Fleckit, Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 sér. iii. 8 (44).
Lower Guinea. (Great Namaqualand: Rehoboth, Fleck, 35, 939.
Not seen. Schinz puts this in the subgenus Pseudo-Hermbstedtia, because he considers Celosia scabra to be of the same subgenus.
Hermbstedtia.] CVI. AMARANTACEE® (BAKER AND CLARKE). 29
12. H1. angolensis, (. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous; stem 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 14 by 4 in., oblong. Spikes terminal, 4-2 in. wide, dense, scarious straw-coloured, cylindric or ovoid. Perianth } in. long; segments broadly oblong, subacute, 3-nerved on the back. Staminal tube divided at the top into 5 broadly ovate segments, rounded at the top; on the summit of each is a minute linear filament carrying the oblong anther. Style rather short (hardly half the length of the young capsule), with 3 short recurved branches. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid, several-seeded.—Celosia Welwitschit, Schinz in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 179, 180, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 100; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 885; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 5, 104, fig. 1 A; not Hermbstedtia Welwitschii, J. G. Baker.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla, 3800-5500 ft., Welwitsch, 6486! 6490
13. H. spathuleefolia, /. G. Baker. A small, nearly glabrous, much-branched undershrub, 6-12 in. high. Leaves 3 by 3 in., obovate, obtuse. Spikes terminal, sessile, 4-4 in. in diam., depressed-globose, scarious straw-coloured, rather dense. Perianth 4 in. long; segments broadly oblong, acute, 3-nerved on the back. Staminal tube divided at the top into 5 broadly ovate obtuse segments, rounded at the top; on the summit of each is a linear (moderately long) filament carrying the elliptic anther. Style long, 3-branched. Capsule ovoid, narrowed at the top, several-seeded.—Céelosia spathulefolia, Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. x. 6; Schinz in Engl, Jahrb. xxi. 180, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. Append. iii. 64; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 5, 104, fig. 1 B. C. intermedia, Schinz in Engl. Jahrb, xxi. 179, 180, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. Append. ili. 64, not of Hochst.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Hereroland; Hykamkab, 800 ft., Marloth, 1205! Nees, 62. Damaraland; Otjimbingue, Lindner! Great Namaqualand; Rehoboth, Fleck, 177A!
There may be two species here, as C. intermedia, Schinz, is larger than C.
spathulefolia, Schinz, but they must be very nearly allied, the staminal tube being identical.
4. DIGERA, Forsk.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 28.
Flower 2-sexual. Perianth 4—5-fid, nearly to the base; segments oblong, membranous, erect in fruit. Stamens 5; filaments 5, linear, without rudimentary stamens between them; anthers 2-celled, oblong ; pollen globose, 20 » in diam., irregularly tubercled. Ovary ellipsoid, flattened; style filiform, 2-fid; ovule 1, erect. Nut globose, crus- taceous; seed 1, subglobose; embryo annular.—Annual; leaves alternate; flowers spicate, in clusters of 3, the middle one perfect, the two lateral rudimentary. Bract 1; bracteoles 2, not prickly.
Species 1 (or 2), in Tropical Africa and Asia.
1. D. arvensis, Forsk. Fl. Zgypt.-Arab. evi.and 65, An annual, 8-20 in. high, branched from the base, usually nearly glabrous, some-
30 CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). | Digera.
times with many feeble hairs on the stemsand leaves. Leaves alternate ; blade 2 in. long, lanceolate or subovate, entire, cuneate at the base ; petiole 1 in. long. Peduncles axillary, 1-3 in. long; spikes 1-4 in. long, nearly continuous. Perianth 4 in. long; segments elliptic, subacute. Style 2-3 times the length of the young ovary. Nut 34; in. in diam —Mogquin in DC. Prodr, xiii. ii, 324; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 717; Zarb in Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 33; T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile, Append. 646; Oliver in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxix. 141, and ser. 2, Bot. ii. 348; Dur. & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 232. D. alternifolia, Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 180; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 994; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 104, and 93, fig. 46 G, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Append. ii. 164, in Engl. Pfl. Ost- Afr. C. 172; not Achyranthes alternifolia, Linn. f.
Nile Land. Ethiopia, Kotschy, 119! Nubia: Suakin to Berber, Schwein- furth, 444! Eritrea; Schweinfurth, 11, 131, 225. Abyssinia: between Hawash and Maki Rivers, Welby ! Kordofan ; Kotschy, 114! 128! Khartoum, Petherick HB White Nile, Schweinfurth, 900 (or 906 ?)! Nile, near El Damar, Grant! Blue Nile, Muriel, 77! British East Africa: Lake Rudolph, Welby! Lake Stephanie, Donaldson Smith! Baringo, 3400 ft., Johnston! Taita; Maungu Mountain, 2000 ft., Johnston! Tana River, Gregory! near Mombasa, Johnston! between Mombasa and Witu, Whyte !
South Central. Congo Free State; Lisha, Hens, 370; Lutete, Hens, 216.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Pangani, Volkens, 459! Mascheua, Holst, 8718!
Extends to India—a weed.
5. AMARANTHUS, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 28.
Flowers polygamo-dicecious; the central flower of a cluster often perfect, the lateral reduced, sometimes male or obsolete, never spinescent. Perianth of the perfect flower 5- or 8-fid, or 3-fid with sometimes 2 smaller interior segments added (as shown by Schinz for one species). Stamens 5, 3, or fewer; filaments linear, nearly free, without interjected rudiments; anthers 2-celled, shortly oblong; pollen small, globose, irregularly tubercled. Ovary ellipsoid ; ovule 1, on a basal funicle ; style short, with 2-3 short linear branches. Fruit mostly membranous, more or less definitely a pyxis, sometimes indehiscent; seed globose, com- pressed; embryo annular.—Annuals. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, long-petioled, tip often obtuse or emarginate, nearly always glabrous ; principal nerves parallel, straight, often conspicuous. Flowers in clusters, arranged in dense heads or long (loose or dense) spikes; bract
1; bracteoles 2, in many species overtopping the flower, in some species shorter than it.
Species 25 3 common weeds in all the warmer parts of the world; the first two species extensively cultivated as grain (the small abundant seeds).
This genus has been subdivided on the character of the fruit, a pyxis or a berry 5 and on the character of the perianth, 5-fid or 3-fid.
: As to the fruit.—The pyxis in 4. eaudatus and <A. tricolor is very thin, neatly circumscissile, the seeds all scattered early. In A. viridis it is herbaceous, wrinkled,
Amaranthus.] CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). 31
the seed never escaping. In 4. Blitum it is sometimes thin, more or less dehiscent, but not rarely it becomes succulent and is altogether indehiscent. In most of the other species the fruit is thin.
In some of the species with 3-merous perianth, two additional segments (smaller and interior) are added in the stronger perfect flowers, as shown by Schinz (in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam, iii. 1A, 93, t. 46, fig. A). Boissier says the periauth in A. gangeticus (tricolor, Linn.) is always 5-fid.; Hooker f. says it is 3-fid. Both Moquin and others found their Huxolus caudatus with 3 perianth-segments on a plate which shows 5 perianth-segments (as see under 4. viridis, below). As far as I have seen, the small-flowered species of Amaranthus have always 3 perianth- segments. In the subjoined table of species I have endeavoured to evade these disputed points.
Spikes linear, panicled at the ends of the branches; some shorter axillary spikes sometimes added. Perianth-segments +; in, long, overtopping the fruits,
Perianth-segments 5; axillary spikes rare - . 1. .4. eaudatus. Perianth-segments 3 ; axillary spikes frequent ; 2. A. trecolor. Perianth-segments +1, in. long, about as long as the fruits.
Lower leaves (some of them) with 2 axillary spines . 3. 4. spingsus. Plants without spines. Fruit a pyxis . . : : . : Fruit wrinkled, herbaceous, indehiscent : : Spikes axillary, running into a single oblong dense spike Spikes all axillary, short. Perianth-segments long-lanceolate, overtopping the fruits . : 5 5 : 5 : : Perianth-segments suddenly acute, hardly as long as the fruit. Decumbent, much branched : : . 8. A. Blitum. Branches elongate : : : . : . 9. A. polygamus.
1. A. caudatus, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 990, ed. 2, 1406. An erect annual, 1-3 ft. high. Leaf-blade narrow-elliptic, 2-5 in. long, some- times a foot long. Spikes numerous (often 20, sometimes 80), 1-4 in. long, dense, in a dense terminal panicle (the terminal spike often 6 in. long) yellowish, usually becoming brown in fruit. Perianth ,}, in. long, of 5 oblong scarcely acute segments, many with a short subterminal mucro ; bracts (many of them) long-cuspidate, overtopping the perianth. Capsule membranous, ultimately circumscissile ; style-branches (usually 3) very long; seeds yellow with a rounded margin, or black with a compressed margin.—Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 255; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 213; Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 176 ; T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile, Append. 646; Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 140; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 719; Zarb in Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 33; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 988; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan- zenfam. iii. 1A, 103, fig. 56; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 205; Engl. Pfil. Ost-Afr. C. 172; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 886; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 233 ; Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Append. Mi £63, (8: paniculatus, Hook. Niger FI. 492; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.iii. 1A, 103; Durand & De Wild. in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvi. 85; Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. Append. iii. 64 ;
A, patulus. . A. viridis. . A. oleraceus.
Se Ot
wT
. A. grecizans.
32 CVI, AMARANTACEH (BAKER AND CLARKE). [Amaranthus.
ef. Lopr. in Engl]. Jahrb. xxx. 34, 35. A. alopecurus and A. sanguineus, A. Braun & Bouché in Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1872, Append. 1-2.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: Sherboro, Scott-Elliot, 5761! Scarcies, Scott- Elliot, 4653! Quorra (Niger) River, Vogel, 129!
Wile Land. Kordofan, Pfund, 258! Galabat: Matamma, Schweinfurth, 619, 620! Abyssinia: near Adowa, Schimper, 359! 1077! 1513! 1535! 1537! Amba Sea, 6500 ft., Schimper, 276! and without precise locality, Quartin-Dillon & Petit, 98 (185)! Pearce! Madi, Speke §& Grant, 449! Uganda: Kampala, Scott-Elliot, 7301! British East Africa: Ribe, Wakefield !
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: Embowa, Burton! Stanley Pool, 900 ft., Hens, B, 99! Kingila, Dupuis! Angola: Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 6513B! Cazengo, Welwitsch, 6513! Loanda, Welwitsch, 6512! German South-west Africa: Amboland ; Olukonda, Schinz, 2, Rautanen, 138.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Karagwe, Speke & Grant, 449! and without precise locality, Busse, 182! Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique, Forbes! Zambesi, Stewart! Nyasaland; North Nyasa, Scott! Nyika Plateau, MecClounie, 159! Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte! near Muata Manja stream, 4000 ft., Kirk! Manganja Hills, Meller! Likoma Islands, Johnson, 31!
Cultivated throughout warm Africa asa grain ; as is A. paniculatus throughout. India ; the two are separable, as the red wheat of Essex is separable from the white wheat of Wilts. In accordance with the canon of Darwin, the nut, being the part
economically used, is the part of the plant that varies; see the excellent account by Hook. f. (Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 719).
2. A. tricolor, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 989, ed. 2, 1403. An erect annual, 1-5 ft. high. Leaf-blade spathulate-ovate, acuminate, often 4 in. long; petioles 1-24 in. long. Spikes numerous, the terminal one long- cylindric, often with several penultimate forming a panicle; nearly always axillary spikes, even in the lower axils, areadded. Perianth +5 in. long; segments 3, lanceolate, acuminate, mucronate; bracts long- awned, equalling or overtopping the perianth. Capsule membranous, ultimately circumscissile; style-branches usually 3.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 887. A. melancholicus, Linn, Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 989, ed. 2, 1403; Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Append. ii. 163. 4. gangeticus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1268, Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1403; Moquin in DC. Prodr, xiii. ii. 261; Hook, Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 719; Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss, iv. Append. ii. 163. A. tristis, Garcke in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 504; Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 989 2
Wile Land. Eritrea: Ginda, 3000 ft., Sehweinfurth & Riva, 2180! Massowa, Schweinfurth, 231; Geleb, 6000 ft., Schweinfurth, 1148. Galabat: Matamma, Schweinfurth, 615, 617!
Lower Guinea. Angola: Loanda, 0-1000 ft., Welwitsch, 6516!
Mozamb. Dist. Mozambique, Forbes!
In India, cultivated and a weed.
Boissier (F7. Orient. iv. 990) says that he found, in his specimens of 4.
gangeticus from India, the perianth-segments always 5. From this it would appear that his specimens were some form of A. caudatus.
3. A. spinosus, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1,991, ed. 2, 1407. Stem 1-3 ft. high, suberect, Leaves long-petioled; blade 2-3 in. long, ovate,
Amaranthus.| CVI. AMARANTACEX (BAKER AND CLARKE). 33
narrowed upwards, shortly cuneate at the base; two stipulary spines, 4 in. long, in the axils of some of the lower petioles. Spikes cylindric, about 4 in. broad, the upper long, often closely panicled, the terminal often 3-4 in. long, sometimes much interrupted at the base; in the lower axils globose spikes are often added. Bracts shortly ovate, cuspidate, hardly overtopping the flowers. Perianth hardly ;', in. long ; segments 5, oblong, often mucronate. Style often 2-fid. Capsule membranous, circumscissile.—Hook. Niger Fl. 492; Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii, 260; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 718; Schinz in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 172; Schlechter, Westafr. Kautsch.-Exped. 287 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 887.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 735! Gambia: Bathurst, Brunner, 159! Sierra Leone: Sherboro, Scott-Elliot, 5834! Freetown, Welwitsch, 6514 ! Vogel, 13! Liberia: near Kakatown, Whyte! Gold Coast: Aburi, Brown, 411! Ashanti, Cummins, 32! Lagos, Maloney! Togo: near Lome, Warnecke, 292! Fernando Po; Vogel! Mann, 32!
Lower Guinea. Angola: Ambriz, Welwitsch, 6515!
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Hildebrandt, 1037! Nyasaland: Ntondwe Cameron, 127!
Also in India.
4. A. patulus, Bertol. Comm. Neap. 19, t. 2. Stem 1-3 ft. long, less erect and more branched than in A. caudatus. Leaves 2-34 in. long, ovate, narrowed upwards; no spines in the axils. Spikes cylindric, about } in. broad, the upper long, often closely panicled, the terminal often 38-4 in. long; in the lower axils globose spikes are often added. Bracts ovate, cuspidate, about as long as the perianth, or frequently shorter than it. Segments of the perianth 5, broadly oblong, obtuse, scarcely mucronate. Capsule thin (the seed escaping), more or less distinctly cireumscissile-—Webb & Berth. [es Canaires, Phyt. iii. 286; Boiss. F]. Orient. iv. 989.
Nile Land. British East Africa; Tana River, Gregory !
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Hildebrandt, 1036! German East Africa: Usam- bara; Tanga, Holst, 2068! Amboni, Holst, 2771! and without precise locality, Busse, 183! Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique, Scot¢! British Central Africa: North Nyasa, Whyte !
A native of the Southern United States, now spread in the Mediterranean region, with the Cape Verde Isles and the Canaries.
5. A viridis, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1405. Suberect, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves long-petioled; blade 1-3 in. long, ovate or elliptic. Spikes linear, the terminal 2-4 in. long, panicled towards the ends of the branches, much looser than in the allied species, the pedicels visible. Perianth 51, in. long; segments 3, elliptic, acute, Fruit as long as the perianth, indehiscent, wrinkled, shrinking on the nut, herbaceous,
VOL, VI.—SECT. 1 4
34 CVI, AMARANTACEH (BAKER AND CLARKE). [| Amaranthus.
not membranous, with no trace of a transverse line-—Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 720; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 888; Durand & De Wild. in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvi. 85 ; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 233 (excl. syn. Huwolus viridis, Moquin). Huxolus caudatus, Hook, Niger Fl). 492 in obs.; Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 274, partly. Chenopodium caudatum, Jacq. Ic. Pl. Rar. t. 344? Albersia caudata, Boiss. Fl]. Orient. iv. 992; Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss, iv. Append, ii. 164.
Upper Guinea. Togo: near Lome, Warnecke, 295! 363. Northern Nigeria: Nupe, Barter, 1055 !
Wile Land. Eritrea, Schweinfurth, 191, 231, 1433.
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo, Burton! Tondoa, Buettner, 322. Angola Loanda, Welwitsch, 6512, 6517! Gossweiler, 277! Barra do Bengo, Welwitsch, 6518! Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 6519! Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 6520!
South Central. Congo Free State: Lunfundi ? Demeuse.
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi, between Tete and Kaorabassa Rapids, Kirk /
Widely distributed in warm countries—a weed.
This species is easily recognised by the small pedicellate flowers in panicled long spikes ; also by the absolutely indehiscent herbaceous fraits.—Jacquin (Ic. Pl. Rar. t. 344) shows the perianth-segments 5, equal; which, so far as known, does not
occur in this species. Either, therefore, the synonymy of Moquin (and others): founded on it falls to the ground, or an error must be assumed in the plate.
6. A. oleraceus, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. 1403. Inflorescence copiously axillary, the terminal running into a dense cylindric leafless. mass; otherwise as A. polygamus, Linn.—Forsk. Fl. Aigypt.-Arab. exxi. A. Blitum, var. oleracea, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 721. Eucolus viridis, Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 273; ? Hook. Niger Fl. 492. Albersia oleracea, Kunth, Fl. Berol. ii. 144; Boiss. Fl. Orient.. iv, 991.
Upper Guinea. Senegal, Farmar, 3! 24!
Wile Land. Abyssinia: near Adowa, Schimper, 1069!
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Machemga, Johnson, 269! British Central Africa : Nyasaland; near Mbashe Lagoon, Scott! near Zomba, Whyte /
In all warm countries—a weed.
Var. B maxima, C. B. Cl. Leaf-blade 43 by 24 in.; terminal inflorescence 4 by 1-1} in., dense ; fruits thin, larger than in A, oleraceus, the seeds plentifully escaping.
Wile Land. Uganda: Ruwenzori, “in banana patches,” Scott-Elliot, 7941!
I suppose this to be a garden (or cultivated ?) form of 4. oleraceus, Linn.
7. A. grecizans, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed, i. 990, ed. ii, 1405. Decum- bent or spreading ; branches 1-2 ft. long. Leaves long-petioled ; blade 1-2 in. long, elliptic, narrowed at either end. Spikes globose, copious, axillary, the uppermost running sometimes into a single terminal oblong inflorescence 1-14 in. long. Perianth-segments 3 (2 inner rather narrower added in the well-developed bisexual flowers), broadly elliptic,
Amavranthus.| CVI. AMARANTACER (BAKER AND CLARKE). 35
subobtuse, with a long filiform recurved tail, about ;}, in. long exclu- sive of the tail. Bracts elongate-lanceolate, mucronate, as long as the perianth-segments (including their tails), Capsule thin, circumscissile. —AZarb in Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 33; Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 176; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 93, fig. A,in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Append. ii. 163, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 172; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 206; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 887. A. Thunbergit, Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 262. A, Blitum, var. 6 grecizans, Moquin, 1.c. 263,
Nile Land. Eritrea, Schweinfurth, 39, 64, 528.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 6527! 6528! Huilla, Welwitsch, 6497 !
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi at Shupanga, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Fort Hill, Whyte! Shire Valley, Scott !
This is a larger plant than A. Blitum, Linn., with larger leaves and flowers, and much longer tails to the perianth-segments. In Engl. & Prantl, PAanzenfam. iii. 1A, 103, A, viridis, Linn., is referred to this species, to which I do not accede.
8. A. Blitum, Zinn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 990, ed. ii. 1405. A glabrous, much-branched, small annual, decumbent or erect, rarely more than 15in. high. Leaves (including the petiole) usually small, 4-14 (rarely 2) in. long, varying from narrow-oblong to obovate. Inflorescence copious, entirely axillary. Perianth hardly ;}, in. long, shorter than the fruit ; segments 3, elliptic or lanceolate. Fruit small, j1,-;'5 in. long, ovoid ; sometimes succulent, indehiscent ; sometimes thin, the seed escaping,
vestris, Zarb in Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 33 ? A. Dinteri, Schinz in Mém. Herb. Boiss. xx. 15e descript. Hu«olus polygamis, Hook. Niger Fl. 492. Albersia Blitum, Kunth, Fl. Berol. ii. 144; Boiss, Fl. Orient. vi. 991,
Upper Guinea. French Sudan; Lom, Chevalier, 1022! Gold Coast: Accra, Vogel, 21! Southern Nigeria : Onitsa, Barter, 539! Northern Nigeria: Kuka, Vogel, 31! Nupe, Barter, 1716! 1727!
Wile Land. Nubia: sea-coast, Lord! Bent! Suakin, Schweinfurth, 625! Ethiopia, Kotschy, 167 ! Abyssinia, Schimper, 489! Kordofan, Pfund, 147! 500! Kotschy, 48! Uganda, Bagshawe! British East Africa: Gilgil River, Scott- Elliot, 6664 !
Lower Guinea. Angola: Loanda, Welwitsch, 6524! 6525! Icolo e Bengo; on the coast, Welwitsch, 6523! Golungo Alto: about Sange, Welwitsch,6521! Cazengo; base of Muxaula Mountain, Welwitsch, 6526! Pungo Andongo; Condo, Welwitsch, 6522!
Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: Dar-es-Salaam, Hildebrandt, 1035! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; between Mpata and the Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte! Namasi, Cameron, 23! Shire Highlands, Scott-Elliot, 8634 !
36 CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). [Amaranthus.
In all warm countries.
Sir J. D. Hooker has examined Amarantacee with great exactness, and has named the Tropical African species in Kew herbarium. I follow him closely, and have nothing to add (as regards the present group) to his remarks (cited above in the Flora Brit. Ind.). A. Blitum, T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile, Append. 646 ; Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 141, was (fide Thomson) 8 to 5 ft. high, and could not have been the plant here called 4. Blitum, Linn.
9. A. polygamus, Linn. Amen. Acad. iv. 294, and Sp. Pl. ed. ui. 1408. Suberect, stouter, up to 2 ft. high, with long branches. Leaves variable in size; petioles often very long; blade (in Schweinfurth, 626) 2 by 1 in., ovate-elliptic. Inflorescence wholly axillary, not running into a leafless terminal spicate mass; otherwise as A. Bhitum, Linn.—Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 721; Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 172. Euxolus polygamus, Moquin in DC. Prodr, xiii. ii. 272. <Albersia polygama, Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 175; Boiss. FI. Orient. iv. 991; Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Append. ii. 164. A, polygonoides, Zarb in Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 33.
Upper Guinea. Togo: near Lome, Warnecke, 363!
Nile Land. Eritrea: Saati, Schweinfurth, 48; Massowa, Schweinfurth, 499; Shoho, Quartin-Dillon & Petit, 223! Galabat: Matamma, Schweinfurth, 626! Kordofan: Arashkol Mountain, Kofschy, 82! British East Africa: near Nairobi, Whyte!
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland, Shire Highlands, 4dam- son, 309! Buchanan, 703!
Widely distributed in all warm regions.
Imperfectly known species.
10. A. abyssinicus, Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 44, 103.
It has not been discovered where Schinz has described this species.
6. MECHOWIA, Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 110.
Perfect flower solitary ; supported by 2 bracteoles, much shorter than the flower. Perianth-segments elliptic-oblong, obtuse, hard, glabrous. Filaments 5, linear, slightly widened at the base and connate into a short tube, without any staminodes. Ovary ovoid, covered with copious long wool; style long linear; stigma small capitate; ovule 1, suspended on a basal funicle-—Leaves alternate. Heads ovoid, dense, on terminal and penultimate peduncles.
Species 1, endemic.
1. M. grandiflora, Schinz in Engl. d: Prantl, Pllanzenfam. iii. 1A, 110. Branches 6-10 in. long, rigid, from a woody base; at the top angular and pubescent. Leaves 2 by # in., elliptic or oblong, tip obtuse, sometimes apiculate, base narrowed, hardly petioled, nearly glabrous. Peduncles 1-2 in. long, pubescent. Heads 4-3 in. in diam., dense,
ld
Mechowia.| CVI. AMARANTACEA (BAKER AND CLARKE). 37
reddish. Bracteoles 2, oblong, about in. long. Perianth-segments 4 in. long.—Schinz in Eng). Jahrb. xxi. 186; Durand & De Wild. in Comptes- rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvi. 85; Gilg in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 231, 433, 469.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Longa River, 4000 ft., Baum, 634! South Central. Congo Free State: Mpweto, Descamps. -
7. ASRVA, Forsk.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen, PI. iii. 34.
Flowers polygamous, monecious or subdicecious, in dense cylindric or ovoid spikes. Bracts and perianth white or tawny, thin, often pointed, but very soft, not spinous. Perianth usually of 5 segments, with much fine soft hair. Stamens 5; filaments linear, on the staminal tube, with 5 interposed staminodes (or the tube rudimentary and stamens 1-2 only in &. brachiata).; anthers 2-celled. Ovary ovoid, with 1 ovule on a basal funicle ; style shorter than the ovary, branches 2, oblong or very short. Utricle thin; seed ovoid, flattened; embryo annular.—Herbs or small shrubs, hairy. Leaves alternate, entire, flat. Spikes axillary, or running into terminal leafless panicles.
Species 10—in the warmer parts of Africa and Asia.
The name of this genus has been changed lately to Uretia by O. Kuntze, and then to Ouret, Adans., by Hiern; then back again to 4rva by Torre and Harms in accordance with the Berlin rule of 50 years’ user.
Stem tomentose with stellate hair. Inflorescence ter- minal, leafless at the top. Leaves flat, often 2 in. long ‘ . ; F . 1. 4. tomentosa. Leaves $ in. long, brown-yellow, recurved . : . 2. 4. Ruspolii. Stem without stellate hairs, villous or glabrate. Upper branches of stem obliquely erect, elongate ;
spikes in leafless panicles terminal on these. . 8. 4. leucura. Spikes axillary, or on very short axillary branches ; stamens 5. Stem ending in a leafy linear condensed panicle . 4. 4. lanata. Stem ending in a leafless linear panicle . : . 4 4. lanata, var. oblongata. Spikes axillary; stamens 1-2 . ‘ : ; . 5. 4. brachiata.
1, 2S. tomentosa, Mors’. Fl. Lgypt.-Arab. cxxii. and 170. Stem suberect, 2-4 ft. high, branched, tomentose with stellate and branched hairs. Leaves alternate, 4 by 1 in., woolly when young, often in age glabrate. Spikes of flowers cylindric, 2 by } in., dense, collected in terminal leafless panicles. Flowers } in. long. Bracts and perianth- segments triangular at the tip, hardly mucronate, very soft; hairs of numerous short cells, minutely papillose. Style-branches oblong, some- times nearly as long as the style.—. ewgyptiaca, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1026. 4. incana, Mart. in Nova Acta Nat. Cur. xiii. (1826), 291. &. javaniea, Wight, Ic. t. 876; Hook. Niger Fl. 492; Hook.f, Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 727; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 992; A.Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 214; Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 299, partly ; Garcke in Peters, Reise Mossamb, Bot.
38 CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). | £rva.
504; T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile, Append. 646; Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 141; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 207; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 992; Zarb in Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 33; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 109, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Append. ii. 165, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 173; Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 174, not of Juss. Jresine persica, Burm. FI. Ind. 212, t. 65, fig. 1. Achyranthes incana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 671. A. tomentosa, Tuckey, Congo Voy. 249. Uretia persica, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. 544, partly. Ouret persica, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 893.
Upper Guinea, Gambia, Park! French Sudan: El Araladji, Chevalier, 1174! Timbuctu, Chevalier, 1286! Senegal, Roger! Schotte! Déllinger, 11! Cape Verde, Brunner, 2! Northern Nigeria: Bornu; Kuka, Vogel, 15! Maigu- meri, Elliott, 124!
Nile Land. Ethiopia, Kotschy, 314! Nubia: Mesne & Derr, Fhrenberg! sea-coast, Bent ! Sagudi, Schweinfurth, 601! Otao, Johnston ! Dongola, Bromfield ! Eritrea: Shoho, Quartin-Dillon & Petit, 225! Habab, Hildebrandt, 398! Ghedem Mountain, Schweinfurth & Riva, 90! near Massowa, Schweinfurth, 17,79; Ginda, Schweinfurth, 252; Keren, Schweinfurth, 993; Geleb, Schweinfurth, 1411. Abys- sinia: Tacazze River Valley, Schimper, 1773! and without precise locality, Salt! Schimper, 207! 480! Somaliland: coast at Kismayo, Kirk! Berbera, Perry! Haud, Thomson, 86! Milmil, Donaldson Smith! and without precise locality, Mrs. Lort Phillips! Sudan: near Khartoum, Petherick ! Nile, south of Khartoum, Speke & Grant ! Sennar, Schweinfurth, 652! Kordofan, Kotschy,40! Pfund, 51! Darfur, Purdy, 7! British East Africa: Ukambani, Gregory, 115! Taita Moun- tains, Hildebrandt, 2479! Mombasa to Takaunga, Whyte ! Witu, Thomas, 45!
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Dar-es-Salaam, Hildebrandt, 1238! Rufidji, 800 ft., Goetze, 52! Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi, Stewart / between Lupata and Tete, Kirk ! Ngamiland, Kwebe, Zugard, 180 !
Extending into North Africa and through the Orient to the North and West of India.
Var. 8 Bovei,C.B.Cl. A smaller, burat-up form ; leaves about 1 in. long, often less, oblong or obovate, sometimes recurved ; flowers smaller, spikes much more slender and often much interrupted. 4. javanica, var. Bovei, Webb in Hook. Niger Fl.
North Central. Tebu: Agadem, Vogel!
Wile Land. Desert near Debba, Brown! Nubia: between Suakin and Berber,
Schweinfurth, 653, 654, 681! Dalac Islands; Sarat, Steudner, 656! Kordofan, Kotschy, 16!
Forskal gives the full name of this species on page exxii., and an excellent description on page 170. Jussieu (in dan, Mus. Par. ii, 1803, 131) mentions ‘* javanicum ”’ as a species he would transfer to #rva ; and, by tracing back, it is found that he meant Jresine javanica, Burm. (Fl. Ind. t. 65, fig. 2). It is evi- dent, from Burmann’s figures, that 2. tomentosa, Forsk., is Iresine persica, Burm., which does not extend so far east as the Malay Peninsula and Java. If, therefore, either of Burmann’s names is to be taken, it will be persica (as has been done by O. Kantze and Hiern) ; but 2. tomentosa, Forsk., is not only the older name, but expresses the one characteristic on which the species stands.
2. #&. Ruspolii, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb, xxvii. 57. Stem } in. in diam., woody. Branches from the base numerous, repeatedly divided, rigid, with tawny tomentum. Leaves } in. long, oblong and obovate, tawny tomentose, many reflexed, Spikes small, narrow, interrupted, as
Lrva.| CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). 39
4 of 4. tomentosa, Forsk., var. Bovei—Lopr. in Ann. Istit. Bot. Rom. ix. 18, in Malpighia, xiv. 431.
Nile Land. Nubia: in the shingle-desert in the vicinity of Berber, Speke & Grant !
I describe above the Kew specimen, which I esteem an extreme desert burnt-up state of 2. tomentosa, var. Bovei. I have not got an authentic example of Lopriore’s 42. Ruspolii, and only guess this to be his plant from his full description, and the identic habitat,
3. AE. leucura, Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 302. Stem 3-4 ft. high, suberect, often much branched towards the top, simply hairy, or in age often glabrate (without stellate hairs). Leaves alternate, 2-3 in. long, broadly oblong, simply hairy when young. Spikes 1 by } in., dense, white (smaller than those of J. tomentosa), on the elongate obliquely ascending upper branches of the stem. Bracts and sepals mucronate or subaristate, the glabrous white soft points shining through the plentiful fine hair of the flowers. Style-branches 2, short, sometimes very short.—Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 109, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. Append. iii. 65; Warb. in Baum, Kunene- Samb. Exped. 231, 433. Ouret scandens, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i, 893, excl. syn. O. lanata, Hiern, lc. 893, partly (i.e., Welwitsch, 6494),
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; in maize-fields near Eme, 3500-5800 ft., Welwitsch, 6494! Bumbo; edges of saccharum-fields, Welwitsch, 6496! Chitanda River, 3700 ft., Baum, 946! German South-west Africa: Hereroland; Rehoboth, Schinz, 5, Fleck, 149 ; Otjitambe, Belch, 41, Fleck, 528.
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: east coast of Lake Nyasa, John- son, 17! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Zomba, Sharpe, 199! Blantyre, Buchanan, 1246! Namasi, Cameron, 17! Shire and Shupanga, Stewart ! Lower Shire, Meller ! Malanga, Scott / Magomero, Meller !
Also in South Africa,
The Indian 4. scandens is a large climber, the lateral branches springing at right angles from the stem, the inflorescence running off into “linear panicles,” unlike that of . leucura.
Brit. Ind. iv. 728; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 993; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 109, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Append. ii.
40 CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). | Hrva.
165, Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C.173; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 207 ; Durand & De Wild. in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvi. 1897, 85; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 234. Achyranthes lanata, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 204, ed. ii. 296. A. villosa, Forsk. Fl. Atgypt.- Arab. 48. TIllecebrum lanatum, Linn. Mant. 344; Schumach. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 144. Ouret lanata, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 893 partly.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: Talla, Scott-Elliot, 4865! Gold Coast: Assin Yan Kumassi, Cummins, 195! Krobo Plains, Johnson, 518! Togo: near Lome, Warnecke, 14! Lagos, Dawodu, 38! Millen, 59, 165! Cameroons: Efulen, Bates, 433 !
Nile Land. Nubia: Soturba Mountains, Schweinfurth, 659! Coast-land, Bent! ‘Erkowit, Broun! Eritrea: various localities, Schweinfurth, 237, 739, 1114, 1440. Abyssinia: various localities, Quartin-Dillon & Petit, 96! Schimper, 249! 490! 1030! 2110! Welby! Somaliland: various localities, James & Thrupp ! Mrs. Lort Phillips ! Hildebrandt,867! Donaldson Smith ! Niamniam : at the Nabambisso River, Schweinfurth, 2966! Uganda, Speke & Grant! Scott- Elliot, 7289! British East Africa: Machakos, Scott-Elliot, 6754! Kapte Plateau, Thomson ! near Mombasa and region around it, Wakefield! Whyte! Sabaki Valley, Gregory! Witu, Teede, 2!
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: Bingula, Dupuis; near the mouth, Smith, 36,72! Angola: Golungo Alto; near the Cuango River, Welwitsch, 6575 !
South Central. Congo Free State; Mtowa, Descamps ; Basoko, Demeuse,
Mozamb. Dist. Pemba Island, Bojer! Zanzibar, Hildebrandt, 1034! German East Africa: Usambara; Tanga, Heinsen, 86! Usaramo; Dar-es-Salaam, Kirk, 127! Kbhutu; Zungomero, Speke & Grant! Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique, Forbes. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Masuku Plateau, 6500—- 7000 ft., Whyte! Nyika Plateau, MeClounie, 89! 139! 176! Shire Highlands, Buchanan ! Adamson, 84! Zambesi; Stewart !
Throughout Africa, and warm parts of Asia to the Philippines.
Var. 8 oblongata, Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop, 174. Leaves thick, densely woolly beneath even in age, usually very close together. Inflorescence a dense narrow panicle, often 1 foot by 1 in., continuous, leafless at top.—Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 207.
Wile Land. Nubia: Soturba Mountains, Schweinfurth, 661! Eritrea: Habab, 5000 ft., Hildebrandt, 397! Abyssinia, Salt! Schimper, 532, 658! Somaliland: Golis Range, Brockman! British East Africa: Lake Elmeteita, Gregory ! Lake Naivasha, Scott-Elliot, 6529! Kidung Ndogo, Scott-Elliot, 6659 !
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Umba Valley, Smith! Kilimanjaro,
5000 ft., Volkens, 392! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Zomba and vicinity, 2500-3500 ft., Whyte!
5. #E. brachiata, Mart. in Nova Acta Nat. Cur. xiii. (1826), 291. Stem 12-18 in. long, much branched from the base; lower branches often opposite or nearly so. Leaves alternate, nearly glabrate ; blade 4-14 in. long, ovate-elliptic or obovate. Spikes axillary, sessile, often many clustered, } by ;1, in. (much narrower than in 4. lanata), dense, white. Flowers hardly 4, in. long, globose; perianth-segments not acute, 5 or more, often 4-3. Stamens 2-1, the staminal tube usually very imperfect and no staminodes to be found.—Mogquin in DC. Prodr.
xiii. ii. 304; Hook. Niger F].492. Achyranthes brachiata, Linn. Mant. 50.
4irva. | CVI, AMARANTACEH (BAKER AND CLARKE). 41
Illecebrum brachiatum, Linn. Mant. 213. Pseudanthus brachiata, Wight, Ie. t. 1776 partly. Nothoserua brachiata, Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ili, 34; Hook, f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 726; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 105, 109, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 173; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 892.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 239! Northern Nigeria: Kuka, near Lake Chad, Vogel, 7!
North Central. Kanem: near Nguri, Chevalier, 10071!
Nile Land. Kordofan, Kotschy, 112! 139! 372! Darfur, Purdy, 31! White Nile; Schweinfurth, 987!
Lower Guinea. Angola: Loanda; Welwitsch, 6534! Gossweiler, 324!
Also in the Mascarene Islands and India.
This plant is so like Mrva lanata, Juss., that, as Hooker f. shows (in the Flora of Brit. Ind. 1.c.), it has been mistaken for, and mixed with, it by Wight. The flowers being minute, are usually much reduced in the perianth and staminal tube.
8. SERICOCOMA, Fenzl (partly) ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen, Pl: ni. 30,
Perfect flower supported by 1-2 sterile flowers reduced to bracts or bracteoles, which are spinose, not uncinate; 2-3 (rarely 1) perfect flowers under each floral leaf, constituting partial inflorescences, which are arranged in dense compound spikes, and full of fine hairs. Perianth- segments oblong or elliptic. Stamens 5; filaments linear to the base, there united into a very short cup; between each pair is a staminode or process on the rim of the cup; anthers with 2 oblong cells. Ovary ovoid ; ovule one, suspended from a basal funicle; style about as long asthe ovary ; stigmasmall, Seed orbicular, flattened ; embryo annular. —Leaves all alternate.
Species 6, in Tropical and South Africa.
This genus is here separated, as by Schinz (in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 105), by its alternate leaves, which distinguish it from Cyphiocarpa (and from nearly all the less closely allied genera).
Leaves oblong, elliptic. Branches pubescent . . - 1. S. pungens. Leaves linear. Branches glabrous . . ° . . 2. S. capitata.
1. S. pungens, Fenzl in Linnea, xvii. 326. Undershrub, less than 1 ft. high, much branched, rigid, pubescent with grey or brownish hairs. Leaves all alternate, less than 4 in, long, oblong-elliptic, obtuse. Inflorescences terminal, short-peduncled ; in fruit } in. broad, ovoid, with much fine brown hair. Staminodes small, ovate-—Moquin in DC, Prodr. xiii. ii. 308; Hook. f. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii, 30. S. pungens, var. longearistata, Schinz in Engl. Jahrb. xxi, 181, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. Append. iii. 64. S. lewcoclada, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 45, 47.
Lower Guinea. (reat Namaqualand; Fleck, 22a.
Also in Western South Africa. Fleck’s plant may have been collected near Rehoboth, or may have been extra-
42 CVI, AMARANTACEH (BAKER AND CLARKE). [Sericocoma.
tropical. Lopriore says that S. pungens, Fenzl, has glabrous brown branches (but the South African examples have not), and makes S. leucoclada, Lopr., a new species because it has white-silky branches.
2. S. capitata, Mogquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 308. A harsh, small, nearly glabrous shrub, repeatedly branching ; branches alternate. Leaves all alternate, }—1 by ;'; in., linear, obtuse. Inflorescences ter- minal, short-peduncled ; spikes cylindric, 1-14 in. long, or subcapitate. Perianth } in. long, greatly overtopped by the long straight hairs on its segments. Staminodes very short, obtuse. Ovary glabrous; style long.—Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 107. Calicorema capitata, Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 31, 35; Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. Append. iii. 66. rua (Arthrerua) Pechuelit, O. Kuntze in Jahrb. Konig]. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iv. 272.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Hereroland; Namib, Fleck, 677, Luederitz, 3, Stapff! Rehoboth, Fleck, 876. Dammaraland, Een ! Also in South Africa.
Imperfectly known species.
3. S. ? alternifolia, (’. 2. Cl, Leaves petioled, alternate, elliptic or oblanceolate, $ by in. Inflorescences 2 in. long; partial inflorescences of 3 fertile and 4 sterile (short-aristate) flowers. Perianth } in. long. Staminodes (intermediate processes of the staminal tube) wanting. Ovary obovoid, glabrous; style linear, with 2 short branches. In fruit, the thorny points of the sterile flowers grow out and the partial
inflorescence becomes very hard.—Centema alternifolia, Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss, iv. 419,
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: South Masai Steppe, Stuhlmann, 4287 ! The fruits of this plant are } in. in diam., spinose, the bracteoles very rigidly united with the fertile perianth—in a word, typically that of Centema. The broad leaves and curved branches do not suit Centema. As there are no stami- nodes, it cannot be put into Centema without setting that point aside, which would necessitate a reconstruction of the existing scheme of Amuaranthaceous genera.
Perhaps the most feasible resource might be to make it a monotypic genus, next to Sericocoma, ’ ;
9. CYATHULA, Lour. (partly) ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen, Pl. iii. 31.
Partial inflorescences of clustered fertile and sterile flowers; bracts of the sterile or rudimentary flowers ending (some of them) in strong hooked spines. Inflorescences globose, cylindric or linear, dense, oF interrupted at the base. Perianth with long fine hairs; segments 9; lanceolate, often mucronate. Filaments 5, with interposed staminodes ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary obovoid, glabrous; style longer than the ovary; stigma very small; ovule 1, suspended from a basal funicle. Capsule thin; seed ellipsoid, flattened; embryo curved.—Herbs or small
shrubs, hairy. Leaves opposite, entire, elliptic-ovate or obovate. Inflorescences terminal.
Species 15, in the warmer parts of Africa, Asia, and South America.
Cyathula.| CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). 43
The diagnosis of ‘* Cyathula” given by Loureiro is worthless and may include various things ; but he cites, as one of his original species, Rumph. Herb. Amboin. vi. t. 11, which is (as Willdenow notes) certainly Cyathula prostrata, Blume. Desmo- cheta DC, (Cat. Hort. Menspel. 102) is diagnosed as having no staminodes, and is stated to be equal to Pupalia, Kunth. It is therefore impossible to apply the name Desmocheta to our species of Cyathula unless by a writer who unites the genera Cyathula and Pupalia. Hiern keeps these two genera separate, and then applies the name Desmocheta to Cyathula, Benth. et Hook, f., and Pupal to Pupalia, Juss,
Flowers spicate, z.e. subsessile. *Inflorescence long, the lower partial inflorescences usually distinct ; flowers j'z—} in. long. Flowers 3-7 in. long, often 2 in a cluster . - 1. C. prostrata., Flowers } in. long, usually solitary . ‘ . 2. C. geminata. ** Inflorescences globose, dense, the partial inflores- cences stellate in fruit; flowers 4 in. long, or
more. Heads solitary, or a few subterminal.
Style longer than the ovary . 5 ° . 38. C. globulifera,
Style short . ; ; “ ‘i 4 4. C. erinacea. Heads 15-30 in a close leafless panicle : . 5. C. polycephala.
*** Inflorescences cylindric, hardly interrupted at the
base ; flowers } in. long or more. Inflorescence nearly 1 in. wide . : . - 6. C. schimperiana, Inflorescences 4—% in. wide.
Branches numerous, often close 7. C. cylindrica.
Rambler, with elongate branches. A - 8. C. Mannii, Inflorescence ovoid-conic, less than 4 in. wide 9. C. distorta.
Flowers racemose ; lower distinctly pedicellate a - 10. C. pedicellata.
1. C. prostrata, Blume, Bijdr. 549. Suberect, 1-3 ft. high, branched, not woody, hairy or ultimately nearly glabrous. Leaves 1-4 in. long, ovate or obovate, narrowed at either end. Spikes terminal, peduncled, ultimately linear, 2-6 by } in., at the top dense, at the base ultimately lax ; partial inflorescences ;},—;), in. long, ultimately fuscous, reflexed, ovoid, with 1-3 flowers; bracts aristate, many of the spines rigid, ultimately hooked. Perianth-segments ;', in. long, mostly muticous, Sometimes ending in spines. Filaments 5, linear to the base, with processes (sterile filaments) between them. Ovary obovoid, glabrous ; Style as long as the ovary; stigma subcapitate. Seed ellipsoid, com- pressed ; embryo curled.—Moquin in DC, Prodr. xiii. ii. 326; Hook. Niger Fl. 493; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 723; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 108, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 173; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 63 in obs., xxx. 28 in obs.; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 233, partly. Achyranthes prostrata, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. li, 296. A. Thonningii, Schumach. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 139. Desmocheta prostrata, DC. Cat. Hort. Monspel. 102; Wight, Ic. t. 733; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 890. D. micrantha, DC. Cat. Hort. Monspel. 102. Pupalia Thonningii, Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 333. Auris canis femina, Rumph. Herb. Amboin. vi. 26, t. 11.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone; Sherboro, Scott-Elliot, 5844! near Walia, Scott-Elliot, 4133 } and without precise locality, Don! Barter / Liberia: region
44 CVI. AMARANTACEA (BAKER AND CLARKE). Cyathula. ¥y
of Kakatown, Whyte! Gold Coast: Akim plains, Johnson! Assin Yan Kumasi, Cummins, 123 |! Togo, Warnecke, 180! Lagos: Ikorim, Millson ! Lagos, Moloney! French Congo: Upper Ubange River, Chevalier, 5684! Cameroons, Braun! Fer- nando Po, Vogel, 33! Barter ! Mann, 39!
Nile Land. Niamniam: Kulenjo, Schweinfurth, 2841! Uganda, Scott- Elliot, 7346!
Lower Guinea. Princes Island, Welwitsch, 6540! Gaboon: Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 7! Lower Congo: Lukungu, Hens, A, 338! Angola: Golungo Alto, Wel- witsch, 6550! 6579!
South Central. Congo Free State: Bangala, Demeuse.
Also in the Mascarene Islands and South-east Asia.
2. C. geminata, Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii, 330, Stem and leaves nearly glabrate. Leaves 5 by 2} in., gradually narrowed at either end, subsessile. Partial inflorescences } in. long, with 1 perfect flower, oblong, or in fruit ellipsoid, scarcely ovoid; otherwise as CO. prostrata, Blume.—Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 494; Schinzin Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ii. 1A, 108. C. prostrata, Durand & Schinz, Etudes FI. Congo, i. 233, partly. Achyranthes geminata? Schumach. Beskr. Guin. P]. 138.
Upper Guinea. Northern Nigeria: atthe confluence of the Niger and Benue Rivers, Barter ! Fernando Po; Vogel, 253! 258!
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: Lutete, 2000 ft., Hens, A, 233!
I here describe the plant of Vogel, the “type” of Bentham. As to Cyathula
stead of one—a difference of no importance. In spite of the authority of Bentham and Schinz, I doubt whether C. geminata is separable from C. prostrata.
3. C. globulifera, Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii, 329. Stem 3-4 ft. long, hairy. Leaves 2-43 in. long, ovate or obovate, narrowed at either end, hairy beneath (at least when young) ; petioles }-2 in. long. Heads globose, 1-14 in. in diam., straw-coloured, very dense, sometimes | oF 2 at the ends of the branches, sometimes 3-5 in cymose inflorescences (rarely leafless). Partial inflorescences with usually 1 perfect flower, the imperfect flowers (bracts) ending in strong hooked bristles. Perianth-segments 4 in. long, mostly muticous. Staminodes small, oblong. Ovary obovate, glabrous; style longer than the ovary.—Zarb in Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 33; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 107, fig. 61, B, in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 173, Engl. Hochge- birgsfl. Trop. Afr. 206, partly; Lopr. in Eng]. Jahrb. xxvii. 63 in obs., xxx. 28 in obs. Desmocheta uncinulata, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw- 1.890. Pupal huillensis, Hiern, 1.c. 892.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 6564! Huilla ; near Lopollo, Welwitsch, 6493!
Mozamb. Dist. Ge:iman East Africa: east shore of Lake Tanganyika 5 Scott-Elliot, 8340! Kilimanjarc, New! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Namasi, Cameron, 47! Mount Chiradzulu, 4000 ft., Whyte! Manganja Hills,
Cyathula. | CVI. AMARANTACEH (BAKER AND CLARKE). 45
Meller ! near Muata Manga stream, Kirk! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 1441 !
Also in Madagascar,
Var. B abyssinica, Moquin in DC, Prodr. xiii. ii. 329, A more slender plant, with smaller leaves, and heads 3—? in. in diam.—C. globulifera, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 216; Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 179 ; Schinz in Bull. Herb, Boiss. iv. Append. ii. 164.
Nile Land. Eritrea: Mount Bizen, 6800 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 1846! near Golei, Schweinfurth, 589; Lalamba Mountain, near Keren, Schweinfurth, 977. Abyssinia: Tigre, Schimper, 224! Adowa, Schimper, 392! Uganda: Chu- rozi, Bagshawe, 101!
4, C. erinacea, Schinz in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 189. Annual, her- baceous, erect. Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong-ovate or elliptic, acute, attenuate at the base, sparsely hirsute; inflorescence globose ; perfect flowers arranged with other imperfect flowers in globose clusters; segments of the imperfect flowers finally produced into elongate bristles; staminodes dilated at the emarginate top; style short.—Schinz in Engl. Pil. Ost-Afr. C. 173.
Mozamb. Dist, German East Africa: Turu, Stuhlmann, 4253! and without precise locality, Fischer, 70!
This description is copied from Schinz. Except by the short style (which I have not seen) the species hardly seems to differ from C. globulifera.
5. C. polycephala, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 278. Heads 2 in. in diam., 15-28 in a terminal leafless panicle 10 by 14-3 in.; otherwise as C. globulifera, Moquin.
Nile Land. British East Africa: Kapti Plateau, 5000-6000 ft., Z’homson. Maramata, Elliott, 300! Galunka, Kaessner, 863!
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Marangu, 5200 ft., Volkens, 430 !
6. C. schimperiana, Moguin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii, 328. Stem 3 ft. high, herbaceous, stout, ultimately glabrescent in the lower part. Leaves opposite, petioled, 3-5 in. long, broadly elliptic, narrowed at either end, softly hairy. Inflorescence 1 (or 2) on terminal peduncle, 3-4 by 1 in., dense, shining white; partial inflorescences 2—} in. long, ovoid, with frequently 2 perfect flowers; outermost bracts ovate, scarious ; sterile or rudimentary flowers few, ending in strong hooked spines. Perianth nearly 3 in. long, hairy ; segments lanceolate, mostly mucronate. —A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 216; Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. FI. Aethiop. 180; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 206, partly ; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 107, partly, in Engl. Pfl. Ost- Afr. C. 1732; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 64 in obs.
Wile Land. Abyssinia: Mount Kubbi, Schimper, 3! and without precise locality, Quartin-Dillon § Petit, 94! Schimper, 326! 867! British East Africa: Aberdare Mountains, James !
Mozamb. Dist. Kilimanjaro; Marangu, ex Schinz,
46 CVI, AMARANTACE& (BAKER AND CLARKE). | Cyathula.
7. C. cylindrica, Moquin in DC. Prodr, xiii. ii. 328. Innova- tions brown hairy; mature stem (often much branched) with the leaves nearly glabrate, and usually smaller than in C. schimperiana. Spikes usually more numerous and smaller than in C. schimperiana, 4-2 by 3 in.; partial inflorescences similar, but rather smaller, scarcely exceeding } in. in length, ovoid, often with 2 perfect flowers.—Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 64 in obs., xxx. 28 in obs.; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 107, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 173. C. albida, Lopy. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 53, e descript.
Wile Land. British East Africa: Lake Naivasha, Johnston! Galunka, Kaessner, 806! between Machakos and Kikiyu, 5000-6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6590! rocks above Lake Elmeteita, 6000-7000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6716 !
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Marangu, 5000 ft., Volkens, 592! Usambara; Kwa Mshuza, Holst, 8938! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 132! 601! Mount Chiradzulu, Whyte ! Meller ! Plateau of Nyika Mountains, 6000-7000 ft., Whyte!
Also in Madagascar,
8. C. Mannii, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 278, partly. A rambler 6-10 ft. high, with long little-divided branches and long inter- nodes, rusty hairy; otherwise as (’. cylindrica, Moquin.—C. cylindrica, var. schimperiana, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 214.
Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann, 296! Cameroon Mountain, 7000- 10,000 ft., Mann, 2007 ! Johnston!
Wile Land. British East Africa: Ukamba; Scott-Elliot, 6453! 7702!
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Panda Peak, 5000- 6000 ft., MeClounie, 148!
This is very near C. cylindrica, Moquin, and perhaps should not be specifically separated.
9. C. distorta, C. B. Cl. A crooked, hairy undershrub, 2-3 ft. high, much branched. Leaves opposite; blade 1 by 4-3 in., ovate; petiole 4 in. Spikes terminal, and on very short axillary peduncles, solitary, % by 4 in. when young, doubtless elongating in fruit ; very similar to the heads of (’. Mannii, Baker, but smaller.— Desmocheta distorta, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 891.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; in thickets at Lopollo, Welwitsch, 6487 !
10. C. pedicellata, (. B. Cl. Branches 2 ft. long, slender, slightly hairy, much divided. Leaves opposite, slightly hairy ; blade attaining 1} by ?in., elliptic, narrowed at either end; petiole less than4in. Racemes terminal on the branches, 2—4 in. long, peduncled, loose at the base both in flower and in fruit ; lower pedicels attaining 54, in. Clusters both 12 flower and in fruit resembling those of C. prostrata, Blume.
Nile Land. Uganda: Entebbe, 3900 ft., Brown, 8!
Cyathula. | CVI. AMARANTACE® (BAKER AND CLARKE). 47
Imperfectly known species,
11. C. lindaviana, Volkens ex Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 62 in obs., name only,
Africa. Without locality or name of collector. Known to me by name only.
12. C. Merkeri, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxvi. 207. An undershrub, 1 ft. high. Leaves opposite, 3 by 4 in., obovate-oblong or oblong, sparingly strigose, base narrowed ; petiole 4 in. long. Heads spherical, terminal, 2 in. in diam., silvery; partial inflorescences 3-flowered, of perfect, male or sterile flowers. Perianth-segments 4 by ;'5 in., lanceo- late, rigid. Staminodes ovate-triangular. Style long.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Masai Steppe, Merker.
Not seen. It is not stated whether the sterile flowers have (or have not) hooked tips.
10. PUPALIA, Juss. ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl, iii. 31.
Filaments 5, linear at the top, lanceolate at the base, where they unite at an acute angle into a cup, with no interposed staminodes ; otherwise as Cyathula.
Species 6, in the warmer parts of Africa and Asia.
Branches straight; leaves shortly attenuate at either
end . - 2 : : : A . 1. P. lappacea. Branches more slender, curved ; leaves attenuate at either end . 4 s 2 : - : C - . 2. P. atropurpurea.
48 CVI, AMARANTACE& (BAKER AND CLARKE). [ Pupalia.
Aavescens, DC. Cat. Hort. Monspel. 102. Pupal lappacea, Hiern. in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 891.
Upper Guinea. Senegal, Heudelot, 486! Roger, 78! Gambia, Zngram! Gold Coast: Cape Coast Castle, Vogel, 26! Ashanti; Dunquah, Cummins, 19! Lagos: Abbeokuta, Irving! Southern Nigeria: Aboh, Barter, 474! Oloke Meji, Foster, 300! Northern Nigeria: Kuka, Vogel, 61!
North Central. Bagirmi: Tjecna, Chevalier, 9558!
Nile Land. Nubia: coast-land, Bent! Hor Tamanib, Lord! Wady O- Mareg, Schweinfurth, 400! Eritrea: various localities, Schweinfurth § Riva, 317! Schweinfurth, 189, 231, 317, 457, 932. Hildebrandt, 653! Abyssinia: various localities, Schimper, 116! 1221! British Somaliland, Miss Edith Cole! Mrs. Lort Phillips! Brockman! Ethiopia, Kotschy, 79! 295! Kordofan, Pfund, 41! 388! Kotschy, 96! Jur: Dimo, Schweinfurth, 4291! Bongo: Matuoli, Schwein- furth, 2025! Uganda: east side of Lake Albert Edward, Scott-Elliot, 8060! Chulima, Bagshawe, 246! British East Africa: Kikuyu, Gregory ! between Mom- basa and Lamu, Whyte !
Lower Guinea. Annabon Island, Burton! Lower Congo: Bingila, Duputs. Loango, Soyaux, 216! Angola: various localities, Welwitsch, 6500! 6529! 65298 ! 6552! German South-west Africa: Amboland, Schinz, 4, Rautanen, 139; Rehoboth, Schinz, 5, Fleck, 274, 148; Dammaraland, Hen, 75!
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Hildebrandt, 1178! German East Africa: Muoa, Holst, 3128! Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; between Lupata and Tete, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; various localities, Buchanan, 1277! Whyte ! McClounie, 28! Johnson, 22! Ngamiland: Kwebe, Lugard, 175!
Also common in Madagascar and South-east Asia.
2. P. atropurpurea, Voquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii, 331. More slender, more rambling than P. lappacea ; leaves smaller, more acumi- nated at either end ; inflorescences weaker, often 1-2 in. long ; perianth often less copiously woolly —A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 218 ; Hook. Niger Fl. 494; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 723; Zarb in Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 33; Schinzin Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 108, and 93, fig. 46, F, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C.173. Achyranthes lappacea, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. 295, in small part. A. atropurpurea, Lam. Encyel. i. 546.
Wile Land. British East Africa: Lake Baringo, Johnston !
Mozamb. Dist. Pember Island, Bojer! German East Africa: mouth of Rovuma River, Meller! Umba River, Kaessner, 110! Portuguese East Africa:
Lower Zambesi, between Lupata and Tete, Kirk! Lower valley of the River Shire, Meller!
Also in British India.
This species appears to me not distinctly separable from P. lappacea, Juss.
Imperfectly known species.
3. P. Robecchii, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 55. Stem woody, 12-15 in. high, with short internodes. Leaves opposite, 1 in. long, ovate, tomentose, the tomentum peeling off. Inflorescence spicate, at the base loose, above dense, of opposite clusters. Sterile bracts ending in hooks, Filaments subulate, somewhat broader at the base, Ovary
Pupalia.] CVI, AMARANTACEA (BAKER AND CLARKE). 49
obovoid ; style twice as long as the ovary.—Lopr, in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, ix, 21, and in Malpighia, xiv, 446. : Wile Land. Somaliland, Robecchi, 491.
Not seen. I have not seen tomentose indumentum in Pupalia. The description of Lopriore does not say definitely that there are no staminodes,
000. 6 e
beneath tomentose. Bracteoles ending in hooks, few.—Achyranthes mollis, Thonn. in Schumach. Beskr, Guin. P]. 137.
Upper Guinea. Gold Coast: common, Thonning.
+. P. Thonningii, Woquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 333. Branches tetragonous, hairy. Leaves ovate-rhomboid, hairy above, nearly bare beneath. Spike terminal, solitary, racemose. Bracteoles ending in hooks, few.—Achyranthes Thonningti, Thonn. in Schumach. Beskr Guin. Pl. 139.
Upper Guinea. Gold Coast: Aquapim, Thonning.
I have no example of this or of the preceding species; nor can I find that any author (since Schumacher) has seen either of them.
6. P. affinis, K. Schum. ex Engl. in Hans Meyer, East Afr. 369.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 6000 ft., Meyer. I have failed to find any description of this.
11. MARCELLIA, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 625,
Perfect flower supported by 1-2 sterile flowers reduced to bracts or bracteoles, which are spinose, not uncinate; 2-3 (rarely 1) perfect flowers under each floral leaf, constituting partial inflorescences, which are arranged in dense compound spikes, and full of fine hairs. Perianth- segments oblong or elliptic. Stamens 5; filaments linear, united into a cup (without intermediate processes) by a narrow sinus; anthers with 2 oblong cells. ‘Ovary obovoid ; ovule 1, suspended from a basal funicle ; style about as long as the ovary; stigma small, nearly capitate, slightly penicillate. Seed orbicular, flattened; embryo annular.— Leaves oppo- site, simple, entire.
Species 15, in Tropical and South Africa.
The genus, in characters, hardly differs from Pupalia; the sterile flowers become hardened, and curve over the ripe fruit; but the heads are without the hooked spines of Pupalia.
. Leaves linear.
Stem and branches nearly glabrous. Inflorescence not interrupted at the base.
Leaves 1 in. long; internodes 1-2 in. long . lL. MU. mirabilis. Leaves 2 in. long; internodes 2-4 in. long . 2. M. denudata. Inflorescence interrupted at the base . : . 3. M., sericea. Stem and branches tomentose. Partial inflorescences red. : : P . 4 MM. Dinteri. Partial inflorescences yellow : : 2 . & M. splendens.,
VOL, VI.—SECT. I E
50 CVI, AMARANTACE% (BAKER AND CLARKE). [ Marcellia.
Leaves obovate or lanceolate. Heads in fruit ovoid. Ovary hairy : : . 6. UM. Bainesii. Heads in fruit elongating. Ovary glabrous, Partial inflorescences of 3 fertile flowers.
Leaves 2 in. long, silky hairy . ; ¢ . 7. M. prostrata. Leaves 1 in, long, tomentose . : = . 8. M, lanata. Partial inflorescences of 5—6 fertile flowers . . 9. WM. tomentosa.
(See also Centema subfusca, Hook.f., in which the staminodes are 0.)
1. M. mirabilis, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 625. Glabrous, except the inflorescence. Root long, tough; from its top several branched rigid crooked stems, 3-6 in. long. Leaves 1 by ;'; in., flat, opposite and apparently whorled. Peduncles terminal, 6 in. long or more; inflorescence a dense spike, ultimately 9 by 4 in., but when young 1 in. long. Fioral leaves orbicular, thin, } in. in diameter. Fertile flowers } in. long. Ovary hairy at the top. Hairs elongated, enveloping the fruits, pale brown, hardly 10 » in diam., simple, with very long cells, smcoth.—Hiern in Cat. Afi. Pl. Welw. i. 888. M7. Welwitschii, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb, xxvii. 40, t. 1, fig. C. Sericocoma Welwitschii, Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 30; Schinz in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 107, in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 182, 183, not of Baker.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes; in sandy thickets by the River Bero, Welwitsch, 6508 !
2. M. denudata, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 41. Branches 1 ft. long, with internodes 4 in. long. Leaves 1-2 by ;', in., upper more or less alternate. Peduncles terminal, 2-3 in. long. Inflorescence in fruit 4-6 by 4in., dense, thickly involved in long pale-brown fine hairs. Bracts to the clusters } in. long, ovate. Fertile flowers ;; in. long. Ovary hairy at the top. Hairs enveloping the fruit hardly 10 » im diam., simple, with long cells, smooth.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 889. Sericocoma denudata, Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
30; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 107, in Engl. Jahrb, xxi. 182, 188.
Lower Guinea. Angola: near Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 6503 !
3. M. sericea, C. 2. Cl. Stem annual, erect, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves 2 by ;; in., opposite. Inflorescences 4 in. long, interrupted below ; partial inflorescences } in. long, with white hair, of 2-3 fertile, 4-6 sterile flowers. Staminal tube without staminodes. Ovary glab- rous.—Sericocoma sericea, Schinz in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 181, 183, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 107, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v- Append, iii. 65. Sericorema sericea, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 40.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Amboland; Omandongo, here tl Rautanen ; Great Namaqualand; Rehoboth, Fleck, 378; Dammara- and, Een !
Mozamb. Dist. Ngamiland: Kwebe, Zugard, 181! Mrs. Lugard, 165!
Murcellia. | CVI. AMARANTACE& (BAKER AND CLARKE). dL
4, M. Dinteri, Schinz in Mém. Herb. Boiss. xx. 15. Straggling, 3 ft. high, clothed especially on the young parts with snow-white felt. Leaves 1} by +; in., opposite and in part alternate. Each partial inflorescence consists of 2 fertile and 2 sterile flowers, the latter clothed with silky hairs; sterile floweis and bracts red, 1; in. long. Staminal tube without staminodes. Ovary hairy.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Hereroland; Abassi, Dinter, 1452 !
5. M. splendens, Schinz in Mém. Herb. Boiss. xx. 16. Erect, perennial, clothed with snow-white felt. Leaves 2 by 4-4 in., opposite and in part alternate, ultimately glabrate. Inflorescence 3 by 1 in. ; partial inflorescences of 2 fertile and 2 sterile flowers, the latter with long hairs ; sterile flowers and bracts yellow. No staminodes. Ovary hairy.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Hereroland; Salem, Dinter, 152!
This has the leaves broader than those of M. Dinteri, and very much fewer.
6. M. Bainesii, (’. B. Cl. Much branched, at least 10 in. high, clothed with soft short white simple hair. Leaves opposite, 1 by } in., narrowly obovate-elliptic. Inflorescences dense, white, ovoid, up to 2 by $ in.; partial inflorescences of 2—1 perfect, 4—2 sterile flowers; hairs on the sterile flowers long, with short joints, scabrid and often branched, Staminal tube ending in 5 depressed-ovate lobes, on the summit of each a very minute white filament (resembling Pseudo- Hermbstedtia). Ovary subglobose, hairy.—Sericocoma Bainesii, Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 31; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 107, 106, fig. 60. Sericocomopsis Bainesii, Schinz in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 185, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. Append, iii. 65. Leucosphera Bainesii, Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 153; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb, xxvii. 41, xxx. 107.
Mozamb. Dist. Ngamiland: Kobis to North Shaw Valley, Baines ! Kwebe Hills, Mrs. Lugard, 158!
7. M. prostrata, C. B. Cl. Rather thickly covered with bristly white hairs, Leaves opposite; lamina 2} by } in., round-elliptic, very obtuse, shortly acuminate at the base; petioles } in. long. Inflores- cence dense ; partial inflorescence of 3 fertile flowers and several sterile flowers. Bracts of the sterile flowers linear, spinescent, 4 in. long; straight, glabrous at the tip, towards the base with white hair. Stamens 5, without staminodes between them, Ovary glabrous.— —— prostrata, Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr.
53.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Nashorn Hill, Ugweno Mountain, Volkens, 472!
For this plant I have only Gilg’s diagnosis of the genus and some scraps of Volkens, 472,
52 CVI, AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). [ Marcella.
8. M. lanata, (. B. Cl. A small shrub, densely white (or yellowish) tomentose, the leaves soon glabrous. Leaves opposite; blade up to 1 by 2 in., obovate, very obtuse. Inflorescences ovoid, in fruit elongated into a loose spike 2 in. long of few clusters; partial inflorescences including 3 fertile and several sterile flowers. Perianth-segments densely villous on the margins. Sterile flowers elongating in fruit into 25-30 long straight bristles, spreading on ail sides. Staminal tube very short; filaments 5, at the base triangular, united at an acute angle without intermediate rudiments. Ovary glabrous.—Dasysphera lanata, Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 153. D. Robecchii, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 53, t. 1A, in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, ix. 21, in Malpighia, xiv. 447.
Wile Land. Somaliland: Merehan, Robecchi-Bricchetti, 402.
The above description is taken from Lopriore’s picture.
9. M. tomentosa, (. B. Cl. Felted and glabrous branches mixed together. Partial inflorescences of 5-6 fertile flowers and a greater number of sterile flowers; otherwise as M. lanata. — Dasysphera tomentosa, Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 153; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 53.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Volkens.
12, CYPHOCARPA, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 42.
Perfect flower supported by 1-2 sterile flowers reduced to bracts or bracteoles, which are muticous or spinous not uncinate in flower; 2-3 (rarely 1) perfect fiowers under each floral leaf, constituting partial inflorescences, which are arranged in compound spikes and full of fine hairs. Perianth-segments oblong or elliptic, often in fruit shortly connate and thickened at the base. Stamens 5; filaments linear, united at the base into a (usually) very short cup, with a tooth or oblong process between each two; anther-cells 2, oblong. Ovary obovoid or ovoid; ovule 1, suspended from a basal funicle; style linear-cylindric; stigma simple or minutely fimbriate. Seed orbi- cular, flattened; embryo annular.—Leaves opposite, linear or elliptic, simple, entire.
Species 8, in Tropical and South Africa.
This genus only differs from Marcellia by the presence of sterile stamens a8 teeth or processes between the filaments. Centema differs (a little only) by having the sterile flowers and perianth-segments rigidly connate to form a burr-like fruit.
*CYPHOCARPA. Leaves linear, glabrate. Ovary hairy, with a lateral horn.
Inflorescence elongate-cylindric, obtuse 1. C. angustifolia. Inflorescence shorter, conic at the top . . 2. C. Petersiz. *SERICOCOMOPSIS. Leaves elliptic or obovate, hairy. Ovary glabrous, obovoid. West African species. Ovary almost urn-shaped. Leaves 13 in. long . 3. C. Welwitschit. Leaves 4 in. long 4. C. quadrangula.
Cyphocarpa.| CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). 53
East African species. Ovary obovoid. Leaves tomentose. . Leaves silky.
Heads without rigid spines ‘ . - 6. C. Hildebrandtii. Heads with rigid straight spines ° . 7. C. orthacantha.
. . 5. C. pallida,
1. C. angustifolia, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 45. An under- shrub, glabrate, except the inflorescence, often 2 ft. high, much branched below. Leaves opposite, 2 in. long, narrowly linear. Inflorescences dense, in fruit 1-7 in. long, ? in. broad, with much brown hair ; hair very long and fine, with rather long joints and papille or minute prickles at many of the joinings; bracts ovate, hairy, with short straight spines at the tip. Perianth-segments oblong, acute or mucronate, in fruit hardened and connate at the base. Staminal tube exceedingly short ; filaments linear to the base ; the interjected processes triangular, minute. Ovary ovoid, hairy, with a horn on its shoulder.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 889. Sericocoma angustifolia, Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook, f. Gen. Pl. iii. 30. Cyathula angustifolia, Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii, 328, fide Hook. f. (but Moquin says twice that his flower-clusters were glochidiate).
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; Lopollo,”in thickets at the borders of fields, rare, Welwitsch, 6489 !
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; between Lupata and Tete, Kirk! Sena, Kirk! Rhodesia: Maitengue Valley, Holub! Bulawayo, Gardner, 87!
Also in South Africa.
2. C. Petersii, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb, xxvii. 43, 45. Inflorescences shortened, conic, very thin, 34 by } in., otherwise as C. angustifolia, Lopr.—Lopr, in Malpighia, xiv. 439,
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; Tete, Peters. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Kambole, 6000 ft., Nutt /
I have seen no authentic example of C. Petersii, and refer Nutt’s collection to it only from Lopriore’s description. From that description, C. Petersii would appear to differ from C. angustifolia only in the shortened inflorescence. In Nutt’s example the young inflorescences are ovoid, less than 1 in, long; the perianth- segments are much less hairy than those of C. angustifolia.
3. C. Welwitschii, C. B. Ci. Erect, 18 in. high, pubescent ; branches opposite. Leaves opposite, 14 by 4 in., ovate-elliptic, shortly triangular at either end; petiole } in. long. Inflorescence up to 4 by § in., white-hairy in fruit; hairs very thin, scabrous at the joinings of the cells. Partial inflorescences often with 2-3 perfect flowers ; sterile flowers ending in straight short spines. Perianth-segments j in. long, white- hairy, hardly spinescent. Filaments linear to the base, with an oblong lacerate process between each pair. Ovary glabrous, obovoid, truncate at the top.—Sericocoma Welwitschii, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897,
54 CVI, AMARANTACEZ (BAKER AND CLARKE). [Cyphocarpa.
278, not of Hook. f. Sericocomopsis Welwitschii, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 42, t. 1E; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 889.
Lower Guinea, Angola: Mossamedes; in sandy places by the Bero River, Welwitsch, 6501 ! Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Ngamiland ; Kwebe, Zugard, 170!
4, C. quadrangula, ©. 2B. Cl. Branches quadrangular, hairy. Leaves opposite, thinly hairy; blade 4 by 1-1} in., oblong-elliptic. Inflorescence of 4 or 5 short-peduncled spikes (24 in. Jong), terminal and from the penultimate axils, springing nearly from the same point.— Sericocoma quadrangula, Engl. in Eng]. Jahrb. x. 7; Schinz in Engl. Jahrb, xxi. 183, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. Append. iii. 65, Sericocomopsis quadrangula, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 42.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Hereroland; Usakos, 3000 ft., Marloth, 1255 ; and without precise locality, Chapman & Baines !
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Ngamiland; Kwebe Hills, Mrs. Lugard, 221!
This is a larger plant, with larger leaves and inflorescence, than C. Welwitschit ; but the stamens and ovary are so closely alike that I doubt its being specifically different.
5. C. pallida, (. B. Ci. A branched, grey-tomentose undershrub, 18 in. high or more. Leaves opposite; blade 14 by 1 in., obovate- elliptic, obtuse, the tomentum flaking off in patches; petiole hardly 4in. long. Inflorescence terminal, short-peduncled, 14 by 2 in., rather loose, not spinous, at least when young ; partial inflorescences } in. long, white at the top, full of hair, with often 2 fertile flowers; cells of the hairs rather long, minutely scabrid at the joinings. Filaments linear to the base, joined in a very short cup; the intermediate processes obovate-lacerate, 4 the length of the filaments. Ovary hairy, somewhat obovoid, not truncate.—Sericocoma pallida, 8. Moore in Journ, Bot. 1877, 70. Sericocomopsis pallida, Schinz in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 185; Schweinf. & Volk. in Ghika, Pays des Somalis, 201; Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 152; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 42.
Wile Land. Somaliland: Ahl Mountains, 4000 ft., Hildebrandt, 880! 1521! Harradigit, James & Thrupp ! and without precise locality, Drake-Brockman, 361 !
6. C. Hildebrandtii, C. 2B. Cl. A branched, hairy (not tomentose) undershrub, Leaves opposite ; blade 1} by 2 in., elliptic, triangular at either end; petiole ;4; in. long. Inflorescences 6-7 by 3 in., straw- colour; partial inflorescences broadly ovoid, lower standing apart, of 4-12 fertile flowers (being themselves compound). Hairs in the flower- clusters white, very fine, cells rather long, scabrid at the joinings. Fertile flowers { in. long; perianth-segments lanceolate, subobtuse, sterile flowers not spinescent. Filaments linear to the base, with a quadrate hairy process between each pair; staminal tube very short. Ovary obovoid, glabrous ; style Jonger than the ovary.—Sericocomopsis Hildebrandtii, Schinz in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 184, 185, in Engl. Pf. Ost-
Cyphocarpu.| CVI, AMARANTACE® (BAKER AND CLARKE). a)
Afr. C. 172, Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Pllanzenfam. Nachtr. 152; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 42.
Nile Land. British East Africa: Taita, Hildebrandt, 2584
7. ©. orthacantha, C. B. Cl. An erect annual, hairy (not tomentose). Leaves opposite; blade 1} by 2 in., elliptic, triangular at either end; petiole } in. long. Inflorescence terminal, 2 by } in., dense, straw-coloured, hairy ; partial inflorescences crowded, of several fertile flowers ; hairs in the flower-clusters copious ; bracts of the rudi- mentary flowers ending in rigid yellow spines standing out prominently, not hooked. Filaments linear to the base ; staminodes very short, oblong, emarginate. Ovary obovoid, glabrous; style longer than the ovary ; stigma small.—Pupalia orthacantha, Hochst. in Bot. Zeit. 1856, 598, name only; Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 181; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 206. Cyathula orthacantha, Schinz in Eng). & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 108, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 173.
Wile Land. Abyssinia; Jaja, 4000-6000 ft., Schimper, 2153!
13. CENTEMA, Hook. f.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 31.
Perfect flower supported by 1-2 sterile flowers reduced to bracts or bracteoles, which are muticous or spinous not uncinate in flower, and in fruit are connate with the thickened base of the perfect flower; 2-3 (rarely 1) perfect flowers under each floral leaf, constituting partial inflorescences, which are arranged in compound spikes, and full of long hairs. Stamens 5; filaments linear to the base, united into a short cup, with an oblong process between each two ; anthers with 2 oblong cells. Ovary ovoid, glabrous or pubescent, narrowed into a linear style ; ovule one, suspended from a basal funicle. Seed orbicular, flat- tened ; embryo annular.—Leaves opposite, narrowly oblong.
Species 6, in Tropical and South Africa.
It is difficult to draw a line between this genus and Cyphocarpa angustifolia, Lopr., in which the perianth-segments are thickened at the base in fruit. The 4 following species, however, all have their leaves wider than the first section of Cyphocarpa, and narrower than the second.
Stem strongly tubercular-scabrid on the ribs. . 3. C, biflora. Stem smooth, or hardly minutely scabrid. : Fruit-spike prickly ; ovary glabrous : : . 1. C. angolensis. Fruit-spike hard, scarcely prickly ; ovary hairy Inflorescence straw-coloured c ‘ 5 2. C. Kirkii. Inflorescence red 4. C. rubra.
1. C. angolensis, Hook. f. in Benth. et Hook. y. Gen. Pl. iii. 31. Stem erect, 2-3 ft. high, smooth or with obscure tubercles. Leaves opposite; blade 2 by 4-4 in., hairy, ultimately glabrescent. Inflor- escence 2} by } in., straw-coloured, dense, in fruit harsh and prickly ; peduncled (apparently) or with 2 floral leaves at its base (7.€. sessile). Partial inflorescences usually with 2-3 fertile flowers ; sterile flowers in fruit curved outwards, rigidly spinescent; hairs white, cells long,
56 CVI. AMARANTACEH (BAKER AND CLARKE). [ Centema.
scabrid at the joinings of the cells, still finer than in the preceding genera. Stamens of the genus; staminodes obovate, toothed. Ovary glabrous.—Schinz in Eng]. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 107; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 889 ; Lopr. in Engl]. Jahrb. xxvii. 47 in obs.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Loanda, Welwitsch, 6538! Rattray ! Gossweiler! 221! 291!
2. ©. Kirkii, Hook. f. in Benth, et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 31. Stem erect, 2-3 ft. high, smooth. Leaves opposite, 2 by + in., when young hairy, soon glabrate. Inflorescences terminal, peduncled, straw- coloured, up to 24 by } in., very dense, in fruit rigid but very slightly prickly; short ovoid inflorescences not rare. Partial inflorescences usually with 2 fertile flowers; sterile flowers short, the midrib ex- current as a minute spine with scanty fine long hair on the back, which often disappears altogether in fruit. Processes between the filaments obovate, toothed. Ovary ovoid, hairy, narrowed at the top. —Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 47 in obs.; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 107, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 172. Achyranthes breviflora, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 280.
Wile Land. British East Africa: Ribe to Galla Country, Wakefield! between Mombasa and Witu, Whyte! Ngomeni, 2500 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6365 !
Mozamb. Dist. Lake Tanganyika, Cameron! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; west shore of Lake Nyasa, Kirk! Simons! Likoma Isles, Johnson ! Elephant Marsh, Scott! between Kondowe and Karonga, Whyte! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 1158 !
3. ©. biflora, Schinz in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 183. Stem erect, 2-3 ft. high, scabrid with tubercles on the ribs. Leaves opposite, up to 3 by 4 in. (usually much smaller), pubescent; petioles in the large leaves $ in. long, in the small leaves hardly any. Inflorescences terminal, peduncled, up to 2 by } in., very dense, with often ovoid heads } in. long on the same stem. Partial inflorescences with 1 or 2 fertile flowers, brown-reddish or red; sterile flowers with scanty long fine hairs on their back, the bracts ending in straight scabrid short spines. Staminal tube and sterile filaments of the genus. Ovary ovoid, hairy, conic at the top.—Schinz in Eng]. & Prantl, Pflanzen- fam. iii. 1A, 107, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 172; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 889 ; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 47 in obs. C. polygonoides, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb, xxvii. 48, in Malpighia, xiv. 442. Psilotrichum rubellum, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 279.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; Morro de Lopollo, Welwitsch, 6509! Humpata; Chella Mountains, Johnston !
, Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Uhehe, 5000 ft., Goetze, 656!
The Nyasa example is altogether larger than the Angola plants, and has mostly 2-flowered partial inflorescences.
4, C. rubra, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 49. Stemstriate. Leaves 1} by 5 in., linear-lanceolate. Inflorescence 3 by 4 in., cylindric;
Centema. | CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). 57
partial inflorescences 2-flowered, red; sterile flowers subspinescent. Perianth } in. long. Staminodes obovate, lacerate at the top. Ovary acutely ovate, sparsely hairy.—Lopr. in Malpighia, xiv. 442.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Masai Plateau; Albi Plains, Pos- pischil. British Central Africa: N yasaland: Nyika Plateau at Nymkowa, 6500 ft., MeClounie, 46 !
The type of Lopriore has not been seen.—In McClounie, 46, referred here by description; stems not scabrid ; spikes high-red; barren flowers rigid, prickly even in young flower.—The colour suggests that his plant may be a form of Baker’s “rubella”? = Centema biflorum, Schinz; but that has a much softer spike and a scabrid stem.
5. C. glomerata, Lopr. in Lngl. Jahrb, xxvii. 49, t. 1H. Leaves decussate, 1 by ,; in., narrowly linear. Inflorescence subglobose, 2 in. long, 3 in. thick, dense, made up of short-peduncled heads; flowers yellow-red. Perianth 4-} in. long; segments acute, hardened at the base, sparsely hairy on the back. Staminodes (between the filaments) obovate, lacerate at the top. Ovary top-shaped, hairy.—Lopr. in
Malpighia, xiv. 443. Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla, Antunes.
This species is contrasted by Lopriore with C. polygonoides (= C. biflora, Schinz); but it does not appear to have a tubercular scabrid stem.
14. PSILOTRICHUM, Blume; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 32.
Flowers perfect, solitary ; bracteoles 2, ovate, much shorter than the flower. Perianth scarcely } in. long; segments 5, elliptic-oblong, muticous, rather thick, glabrous or sometimes minutely hairy. Fila- ments 5, linear, at the base lanceolate, united by an acute sinus into a cup, without staminodes between them; anther-cells 2, short. Ovary ovoid or subovoid, glabrous or obscurely granular at the top; style shorter than the ovary; stigma small, capitate; ovule 1, sus- pended from a basal funicle. Capsule thin, imperfectly circumscissile ; seed lenticular; embryo curled—Herbs or small shrubs, Leaves opposite.
Species 20, in the warmer parts of the Old World. *PsILoTricHuM. Inflorescence in cylindric, short or long, spikes, mostly terminal on the branches, simple or nearly so. Leaves elliptic or ovate. Leaves narrowed at the base to a short petiole. Leaves puberulous, scarcely pubescent on both surfaces. Branches woody, closely branching - 1. P. africanum, Branches elongate, herbaceous, hairy . 2. P. concinnum. Leaves with short hairs on both surfaces. 3. P. trichophyllum. Leaves rounded at the base, subsessile . 4 P. Elliottii.
58 CVI. AMARANTACEH (BAKER AND CLARKE). [Psilotrichum.
Leaves linear or linear-oblong. Leaves 3 in. broad; flowers green : . oo P. Schimperi. Leaves ;; in. broad; flowers white, pinkish or brown. Spikes cylindric, rather dense . : . 6. P. gracilentum. Spikes cylindric, very dense : . % P. confertum. **PsitosTacHys. Inflorescence of lax spikes in thin panicles with capillary branches. Main branches ending in a_ nearly leafless
e 7]
panicle. Panicle branches trichotomous; perianth hairy. < 3 : . 10. P, cordatum,
Panicle branches racemosely branched; peri- anth glabrous : : i : _ 11. P. Kirkit. Main branches ending in a tuft of leaves; panicles axillary. Stem glabrate; perianth hispid . : . 12. P. avillare. Stem hairy; perianth glabrous . : . 13. P. edule.
1. P. africanum, Oliver in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1542. A small much- branched shrub; branches woody, glabrate. Leaves 1-2 in. long, elliptic or ovate, narrowed at either end, when mature puberulous or obscurely pubescent ; petiole 4-1 in. long. Spikes 3 by 4 in. (or shorter), 8-20- flowered, white, very short-peduncled; rhachis hairy, terminal and axillary. Perianth-segments } in. long, minutely hairy.—Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 348; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 111 and 112, fig. 65, in Eng]. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 173. |
Nile Land. British East Africa: Ribe, near Mombasa, Wakefield! Siani, 300 ft., Kaessner, 340 !
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 5000 ft., Johnston !
Tanga, Volkens, 178! Holst, 2119! Portuguese East Atrica: Lower Zambesi; between Lupata and Tete, Kirk! opposite Sena, Kirk !
2. P. concinnum, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 279. Stem stout, woody; branches 16 in. long, slender, hairy, with slender secondary branches ending in spikes. Leaves 1 in. long; petioles 1, in. long: Ovary granular-subtubercular at the top; otherwise as P. africanum,
Oliver.—P. africanum, var. debilis, Schinz in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 185. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Blantyre, Last /
3. P. trichophyllum, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 279. Branch
a foot long. Leaves 2 by 3 in., shortly copiously hairy on both surfaces ; otherwise as P. concinnum, Baker.
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: at Shamo, near the mouth of the River Shire, Kirk !
4, P. Elliottii, Baker. Leaves 1 by } in., ovate, rounded at the base, subsessile ; otherwise as P. concinnum or P. trichophyllum.
Nile Land. Uganda: east side of Lake Albert Edward, Scott-Elliot, 8062!
Psilotrichum.] CVI. AMARANTACEH (BAKER AND CLARKE). 59
5. P. Schimperi, Lngl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 207. Glabrous, except the flowers, 18 in. high, repeatedly branched. Leaves 2 by } in., linear-oblong, obtuse, subsessile. Spikes at the end of the branches 1-2 in. long, linear, lengthening in fruit to 5 in., green ; small quasi-axillary spikesalsoadded. Perianth-segments broadly elliptic, 3-nerved, minutely hairy. Stamens of the genus. Ovary obovoid ; style shorter than the ovary ; stigma small, capitate-—Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. LA. 111,
Wile Land. Abyssinia: Begemeder; region of the River Reb, Schimper, 1388
6. P. gracilentum, C. 2. Cl. Glabrous, except the axis of the spikes, Branches 1-2 ft. long, remotely dividing. Leaves opposite, 2} by ;4; in. Spikes simple, terminal on long peduncles, 1} in. long when young (3 in. long in fruit); axis very hairy. Perianth of the genus, $ in. long, nearly glabrous. Ovary of the genus; style rather longer than the ovary; stigma small, capitate—Centema gracilenta,
Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 890.
Lower Guinea. Angola; Huilla, 3800-5500 ft., Welwitsch, 6511 !
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Mendwe, Johnson, 315! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Fort Young, Nicholson !
The flowers are solitary, and Hiern states that there are no staminodes; so that the genus is not Centema.
7. P. confertum, (. B. Ci. Glabrate; branches long, with few distant leaves. Leaves opposite, 12 by ;4;in. Peduncle long, terminal ; compound spike pale brown, cylindric, 1? by 4 in., very dense. Perianth in fruit $ in. long; segments ellipsoid-oblong, striate, acute. Seed 1, half-ellipsoid, hard, brown.—Achyranthes conferta, Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. 420.
Mozamb., Dist. German East Africa: Muansa, on Lake Victoria, Stuhlmann, 4502! Tabora, Stuhlmann, 606 !
This appears very near P. gracilentum, but has the spike much denser. Scbinz by some accident, says the leaves are alternate, but nevertheless puts the plant in Achyranthes.
8-9 are imperfectly known species of Psilotrichum proper.
8. P. Ruspolii, Lopr. in Ann. [stit. Bot. Roma, ix.19. A glabrous herb ; branches 8 in. long. Leaves opposite, 1 by $ in.; lower attenu- ated into a petiole, upper sessile, often subcordate. Heads on terminal peduncles, 2 by 1 in., dense; partial inflorescences of 1 or 2 flowers. Ovary ovoid; style cylindric ; stigma bifid.—“ Resembles P. africanum, Oliver.”—Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 59, in Malpighia, xiv. 452.
Wile Land. Somaliland: between Bela and Daua Rivers, Riva, 1467. 9. P. Robecchii, Lopr. in Ann. [stit. Bot. Roma, ix. 19. A
glabrous much-branched herb, a foot high. Leaves all alternate, 1—2 in. long, ovate, attenuate on the petiole. Spikes terminal on long peduncles,
60 CVI, AMARANTACE& (BAKER AND CLARKE). [Psvlotrichum.
3-7-flowered ; each perfect flower } in. long, supported by two rudi- mentary. Filaments linear, shortly connate at the base. Ovary shortly turbinate ; style cylindric; stigma bifid.—Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 60, in Malpighia, xiv. 451.
Nile Land. Somaliland: Merehan, Robecehi, 401.
This differs from all known species of Psilotrichum by its alternate leaves.
10. P. cordatum, Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 280. Stem 2-4 ft. high; branches nearly glabrous, ending in large panicles. Leaves opposite ; blade 1-14 in. long, ovate, hairy; base rounded or somewhat cordate; petioles hardly } in. long. Panicle 1-2 ft. long, very thin, nearly bare of leaves; branches often trichotomous, nearly or quite glabrous, Spikes 4-14 in. long, very loose, with 4—12 flowers. Bracteoles hardly } the length of the perianth, ovate, slightly hairy. Perianth-segments 4 in. long, green, strongly 3-nerved, with many spreading hairs. Ovary glabrous; style longer than ovary, linear, with small stigma.—Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 183 ; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 111,in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Append. ii. 165. Psilostachys gnaphalobrya, Hochst. in Flora, 1844, Beil. 6, t.4, Pachia, Endl. Gen. Suppl. iv. ii. 43. Achyranthes cor- data, Hochst. in Flora, 1844, Beil. 6.
Wile Land. Nubia: coastland, Bent! Soturba Mountains, Schweinfurth, 642, 643! Eritrea: various localities, Schweinfurth, 65, 190, 1681. British Somali- land, Mrs. Lort Phillips !
Also in Arabia.
11, P. Kirkii, C. 5.Cl. Leaves (imperfectly preserved) much as of P. cordatum, Moquin. Panicle 1-2 ft. long or more, glabrate, with a central rhachis and numerous suberect lateral branches, which again are divided repeatedly dichotomously. Ultimate branches and the small spikes nearly glabrous. Bracteoles hardly 4 the length of the perianth, nearly glabrous. Perianth in fruit hardly } in. long, strongly ribbed, glabrous or obscurely gland-puberulous between the ribs, more ovoid than that of P. cordatum, Moquin, and the seed less flattened.— Psilostachys Kirkii, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 279.
Nile Land. British East Africa: Sabaki River, near Malindi, Kirk!
12, P. axillare, C. B. Cl. Branches 1-2 ft. long, ending in silky leaves, tips very hairy. Leaves opposite; blade 1-14 in. long, ovate, acuminate, hairy, base rounded; petiole }-} in. long. Panicles 2-8 i. long, axillary, subtrichotomous, the ultimate branches with some long slender several-celled hairs. Bracteoles 4 the length of the perianth, ovate, hairy. Perianth ;', in. long; segments hispid, with spreading hairs, at least on the upper half.—P. cordatum, Schinz in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 173.
Nile Land. British East Africa: Mombasa, Hildebrandt, 1985 !
Mozamb, Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Tanga, Volkens, 177
Psilotrichwm.| CVI. AMARANTACEX (BAKER AND CLARKE). 61
13. P. edule, C. B. Cl. Stem very stout, with much long brown hair; tips of the branches leafy, densely silky. Leaves opposite; blade 23 in. long, ovate, acuminate, hairy, base rounded; petioles }-} in. long. Panicles 4-8 in. long, very straggling, with long spreading fine brown hairs. Bracteoles 4-4 the length of the perianth, villous. Perianth ,'; in. long, strongly ribbed, glabrous.
Mozamb. Dist. Pemba Island, Lyne, 108! 129! “A vegetable” (Lyne).
Imperfectly known species.
14. P. villosiflorum, Lopr. in Ann. Jstit. Bot. Roma, ix. 20. An erect herb, 20 in. high; branches opposite, glabrous. Leaves 0 (pro- bably scales only). Inflorescence of Psilostachys. Bract small; brac- teoles longer than the bract, densely clothed with white hair. Perianth- segments ovate, acute, densely hairy. Filaments broad, subtriangular ; anthers very small. Ovary subglobose; style filiform; stigma small, capitate.—Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 59, in Malpighia, xiv. 452.
Nile Land. Somaliland: between Robe Mountain and Daua River, Riva, 1455.
15. P. angustifolium, Gilg in Notizbl. Kinigl. Bot. Gart. Berl. i.328. An annual, very glabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opposite, sessile, 1-23 by }-} in. Panicles elongate, 12-30-flowered. Flowers 3 in. long; perianth glabrous.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usinja district, Stuhlmann, 3470,
This species, from the description, appears close to P. Kirkii ; but the leaves are linear-lanceolate or linear.
16. Psilostachys filipes, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 622
in obs.
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Boivin. Said to approach Digera both in its habit and other characters,
17. Psilostachys nervulosum, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i, 622 in obs.
Nile Land. British East Africa: Mombasa, Boivin.
Neither of these species of Baillon has been seen; they possibly are near P. Kirkii or P. avillare, above ; but they may belong to some other genus, so far as the descriptions go.
15. CHIONOTHRIX, Hook. f. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 33. Flowers perfect, solitary, each supported by 1 bract and 2 bracteoles. Perianth } in. long; segments oblong, muticous, densely covered with long white hairs, Filaments 5, linear, at the base lanceolate, united
62 CVI, AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). [Chionothrix.
into a cup by an acute sinus, without intermediate staminodes ; anthers with 2 oblong cells. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style linear, as long as the ovary; stigma small, capitate; ovule 1, suspended on a basal funicle.—Shrubs. Leaves opposite. Spikes linear, 1-4 at the end of the branches.
Species 2, endemic. This genus differs as to characters very little from Psilotrichum,
Leaves 3—? in. long, obscurely pubescent beneath - 1. C. somalensis. Leaves 14 in. long, thickly tomentose beneath . . 2. C. latifolia.
1. C. somalensis, /ook. 7. in Benth. et Hook, f. Gen. Pl. iii. 33. A grey pubescent shrub, nearly 10 ft. high. Leaves opposite; blade 3-} in. long, obovate; petioles ;4, in. long. Spikes 5-7 in. long, with 40-60 flowers, but sometimes very much smaller. Bract and bracteoles hardly 3 in. long, obscurely pubescent. Young perianth oblong, snow- white.— Hook. Ic, Pl. t. 2226 ; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ili, LA, 111. Sericocoma somalensis, 8S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1877, 70.
Nile Land. British Somaliland: Ahl Mountains, 3600 ft., Hildebrandt, 1519!
2. C. latifolia, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 54. A woody shrub, several feet high. Leaves opposite ; blade 14 by 1 in., ovate, obtuse, closely tomentose beneath ; petiole 4 in. long. Spikes 1-2 in. long, terminal and from the upper axils, forming a quasi-paniculate in- florescence. Perianth nearly as of small examples of C. somalensis.
Wile Land. Somaliland: Shebele River, Donaldson Smith !
16. ACHYRANTHES, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f, Gen. Pl. iii. 35.
Flowers perfect, solitary, 7.e. without sterile flowers or rudimentary bracts, each between 2 bracteoles, usually acute or spinescent. Perianth- segments + in. long or more, oblong, muticous or mucronate, glabrous (except in A. lanuginosa). Filaments 5, linear to the base ; the inter- posed staminodes quadrate, usually fimbriate at the top ; anther-cells 2, oblong. Ovary ovoid or obovoid, glabrous or minutely granular-papillose at the top; style linear; stigma small, capitate ; ovule 1, on a basal funicle. Utricle obovoid ; seed ellipsoid; embryo curled. Perianth in fruit deflexed, close to the rhachis, pointed vertically downwards.— Leaves opposite, petioled. Spikes linear-cylindric, in fruit often a foot long and (except in A. lanuwginosa) interrupted at the base.
Species 6, in the warm parts of the Old World. .4. aspera, Linn., is a weed, wide-spread, and various subspecies have been carved out of it. Perianth glabrous. Bracteoles longer than half the perianth. Leaves 2-3 in. long . 1. A. aspera, Leaves 4—10 in. long z é . 2, A, bidentata. Bracteoles one-fourth the length of the perianth . 3, 4. aquatica. Perianth densely white-woolly . 4, A, lanuginosa.
Achyranthes.] CVI, AMARANTACES (BAKER AND CLARKE). 63
1. A. aspera, Zinn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 204, ed. ii. 295. An erect, hairy herb, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves opposite, petioled; blade 2-3 in. long, elliptic, narrowed at either end. Spikes in flower 2-4 in. long, dense ; in fruit usually much elongated, up to 12-18 in. long, with the lower flowers distant. Perianth }-4 in. long; segments lanceolate, mucronate, glabrous; bracteoles 4 or 3 the length of the perianth, appearing as simple spines, really springing from a small quadrate or emarginate base. Staminodes quadrate, fimbriate. Ovary obovoid, the top depressed hemispherical granular-tubercular. Perianth in fruit rigidly deflexed close to the rhachis, becoming very hard.— Mogquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 314; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 493; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 215; Garcke in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 503; T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile, Append. 646; Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix, 141; Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl, Aethiop. 172; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iv. 993; Schinzin Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 112, and 94, fig. 47, D, E, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Append. ii. 165, in v. Append. iii. 66,in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 173; Engl. Hochgebirgsfi. Trop. Afr. 208; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, 234; Durand & De Wild. in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvi. 85; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 893; Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 12, t. 1, fig. G-J ; Gilg in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 232, 433.
Upper Guinea. Senegal, Sieber, 57! Roger, 26! Gold: Coast: Assin Yan Kumassi, Cummins, 175! Southern Nigeria: Ikirun, Mill/son, 119! Lagos, Millen, 101!
Nile Land. Eritrea: various localities, Hildebrandt, 652! Steudner, 658! Schweinfurth & Riva, 94, 177, 231, 1025! 1053, 1156, 1646. Galabat: Matamma, Schweinfurth, 646 ! Abyssinia: various localities, Schimper, 193! 209! 1234! Quartin-Dillon G Petit! Salt! Somaliland: various localities, Mrs. Lort Phillips! Miss Edith Cole! Hildebrandt, 1520! Donaldson Smith! Sevnar, Schweinfurth, 644! White Nile, Petherick! Kordofan, Kotschy, 415! Pfund, 286! 876! Darfur, Purdy,6! Blue Nile, Muriel, 32! Broun, 724! Khartoum, Broun, 476! Bahr el Jebel, Muriel, 71! Bahr el Ghazal; Nuer Country, Speke § Grant, 768! Moru: Neangara, Murie/ Uganda: various localities, Scott-Elliot, 6942! 7248! 7753! James! Mahon! Brown,66! Bagshawe, 242! 457! British East Africa: various localities, Thomas, 74! Whyte! Gregory ! Powell, 13!
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: near the mouth, Smith, 7! Stanley Pool, Hens, B, 28! Angola: various localities, Welwitsch, 6492! 6499! 6510! 6530! 65308 ! 65478! 6548! 6576! German South-west Africa : Hereroland, Belek, 43, Fleck, 491, 532, 561; Rehoboth, Schinz, 12, Fleck, 175A.
South Central. Congo Free State: Mtowa, Descamps.
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Hildebrandt, 1150! German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, Volkens, 678! 1390! Amboni, Holst, 26944! Kwa Mshuza, Holst, 9086! Mininga, Speke & Grant, 184! Usambara, Holst, 8719! Portuguese East Africa: east coast of Lake N yasa, Johnson, 144! Lower Zambesi, near Sena and at Shupanga, Kirk! British Central Africa: near Lake Moero, Carson, 7! Rhodesia ; Tamafopa, Holub !
An abundant weed in the hotter parts of the Old World.
_ Var. 8 argentea, C. B. Cl. ; leaves silky strigose beneath with white hairs, often
silvery; perianth frequently smaller than in the type.—<A. argentea, Lam. Encycl. 1. 545; Benth. in Hook, Niger Fl. 493; Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 214; Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 315; Zarb in Cat, Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 33; Engl. in Hans Meyer, East Afr. 368.
64 CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). [Achyranthes.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Cameroon Mountain, 7000-8000 ft., Mann, 1307! 1977! Johnston, 94!
Nile Land. Kordofan, Kotschy, 148! Abyssinia: Begemeder, Schimper, 188! Amba Sea, Schimper, 249! Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 1144! Uganda, Wilson, 103! British East Africa: Kapte Plateau, 5000 ft., Thomson !
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo, Burton! Angola: Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, — 6547 ! 6552! 65528! 6573! 6574! 6579!
Var. y pinguispicata, C. B. Cl. Axis of the inflorescence much thicker ; perianth larger than usual; leaves thicker.—A. aspera, Rolfe in Oates, Matabeleland, ed. ii. 408 ; Warburg in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 433.
Lower Guinea. Angola: near the Kunene River, between Kiteve and Humbe, Baum, 961!
Mozamb. Dist. Matabeleland, Oates!
2. A. bidentata, Bl. Bijdr. 545, Leaves large; blade attaining 9 by 84 in., drying a black green, Perianth shining, dried a black green, spreading in young fruit ; otherwise as A. aspera, Linn.—Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii, 312; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 730; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Planzenfam. iii. 1A, 112; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 894.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Johan-Albrechtshéhe, Staudt, 546! Fernando Po, Mann !
Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto; in the forest on Queta Mountains, above Ndelle, Welwitsch, 6544!
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Mount Chiradzulu, 4000 ft., Whyte! |
The authors who admit this as a species diagnose it by the bifid small base to the bracteoles, whence the spine springs. I cannot sort the present plant by that character.
3. A. aquatica, 2. Br. Prodr. 417. A stout, sparsely hairy herb, 2-4 ft. high, rooting from the lower nodes; the roots elongate, often in water. Leaves opposite, petioled; the blade 3-4 in. long, ovate or
Wile Land. Nubia, Kotschy, 198! Ethiopia, Kotschy, 32! Abyssinia:
Begemeder ; in a swamp by the River Reb, 5700 ft., Schimper, 1376! White Nile Schweinfurth, 985!
Also in India.
4. A. lanuginosa, Schinz in Engl. Jahrb. xxi, 186, A thinly hairy herb; branches a foot long. Leaves opposite, petiolate; blade
Achyranthes.] CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). 65
2-3 in. long, elliptic, narrowed at either end. Fruiting spikes up to 12 by $ in., dense to the base, white; bracteoles about } as long as the perianth, similar to its segments. Perianth } in. long; segments copiously white-woolly on the back, with long entwined (not straight) very fine hairs, lanceolate, with a very short hard glabrous mucro. Staminodes oblong, copiously fimbriate at the top. Ovary obovoid, glabrous; style linear; stigma small. Fruiting perianths deflexed, pointing vertically downwards.—Schinz in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 174.
Nile Land. Uganda: Unyoro, Stuhlmann, 335! : In the hairy, densely-placed white perianths and the uninterrupted linear spikes this species resembles Pandiaka ; but the leaves are distinctly petiolate.
Imperfectly known species.
5. A. pedicellata, Lopr. in Hngl. Jahrb. xxvii. 56. A very hairy undershrub, 16 in, high. ‘Leaves opposite, sessile, 1 by } in., obovate. Spikes 2-11 in. long; flowers manifestly pedicellate. Flowers } in. long; perianth-segments hairy on the back ; bracteoles } in. long, hairy. Staminodes short quadrate, fimbriate. Ovary obconoid ; style longish.— Lopr. in Malpighia, xiv. 433.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kimoani Plateau, in Bukoba district, 6000 ft., Stuhlmann, 3390.
The above copied from Lopriore, who says nothing of deflexed fruit-perianths. From the sessile leaves, and perianth-segments hairy on the back, the plant would appear to be a Pandiaka.
6. A. rubrolutea, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 57. A hairy annual. Leaves opposite, sessile, 1 by 4 in., oblong-lanceolate, acute. Spikes terminal, 1 by 3 in., dense (smaller axillary spikes added), ovate, acuminate, red-yellow. Perianth-segments elliptic-lanceolate, long- attenuate, scabrid, hairy. Bract and bracteoles similar, elliptic- lanceolate. Staminodes short, broad, hairy. Ovary obovoid; style long ; stigma capitate.—Lopr. in Malpighia, xiv. 432.
South Central. Congo Free State: Lualaba River, Descamps.
7. A. nodosa, Vahl ex Schumach. Beskr. Guin. Pl, 139, Stems flexuose or scandent, jointed, the joints thickened-nodose, Leaves Ovate-lanceolate, shaggy, somewhat scabrid. Heads terminal, in- volucrate. Branches nodose.—Moquin in DC, Prodr. xiii. ii. 317; Benth. in Hook, Niger Fl. 493.
Upper Guinea. Dahomey: Whydah, Jsert. Bentham, l.c. , supposes this was a species of Pandiaka,
8. A. viridis, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 55. A herb, branched from the base. Branches striate, angular, suberect, sparingly bristly hairy. Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, adpressedly hairy on both Surfaces, base cuneate, tip obtuse. Inflorescence terminal, short, simply Spicate, the rhachis densely hairy ; bracts ovate, hyaline, bristle-pointed ;
VOL. VI.—SECT. I F
66 CVI, AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). [Achyranthes.
bracteoles 2, subulate. Stamens connate into a short tube ; staminodes strap-shaped, irregularly fimbriate.—Lopr. in Malpighia, xiv. 432.
Wozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara ; Magamba Forest, Holst, 3800.
17. ACHYROPSIS, Hook f. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl, iii. 36.
Perfect flower solitary, supported by 2 small bracteoles. Perianth segments glabrous, muticous, often 4. Stamens often 4; anther- cells 2, elliptic; filaments linear to the base; interposed staminodes quadrate. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style linear ; stigma small; ovule 1, on a basal funicle. Utricle ovoid; seed ellipsoid; embryo curled.— Leaves opposite, shortly petioled. Spikes narrow, cylindric; perianths in fruit spreading (not reflexed). Much smaller in leaves and flowers than any species of Achyranthes or Pandiaka.
Species 4, in Tropical and South Africa.
Fruit spike apparently glabrous, the rhachis hairy. Spikes shortly peduncled, axillary, and terminal. 1. 4, leptostachya. Spikes all terminal . ‘ . ‘ . 2. A. fruticulosa. Fruiting perianth overtopped by wool . a Os le LantCeps.
eee oe
Mozamb. Dist. Matabeleland: Shasha River, Holub ! Frequent in South Extratropical Africa.
2. A. fruticulosa, (. B. Cl. A small shrub; branches divided, spreading, hardly 6 in. long. Leaves } in. long, opposite, oblong, silky white beneath. Spikes all terminal on the branches, 1 in: long, nearly 4 in. broad, straw-coloured, dense, apparently glabrous, the rhachis hairy. Perianth 3 in. long, conic, subacute at the tip.
Wile Land. British East Africa: Kukui, Kaessner, 1011!
This species, from the larger subacute perianth, is allied to the Cape Achyranthes
avicularis, E. Meyer, from which it hardly differs except in habit, its woody base and short spreading branches,
3. A. laniceps, (’. B. Cl. Stems slender ; branches opposite, erect, thinly hairy, with long internodes. Leaves opposite, linear, 4-14 by % in., thinly hairy, attenuate at the base, shortly petioled. Spikes 1n fruit # by } in., dense, cylindric, the glabrous perianths embedded 10 dense white wool; solitary at the top of long branches, or peduncles (as there is rarely a leaf at the top). Perianth in fruit scarcely ;}, in. long, enclosing the utricle ; segments elliptic, green, muticous.
Mozamb. Dist. Nyasaland: Tanganyika Plateau, at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte !
This is in ripe fruit, so that I have not been able to see the staminal tube.
Pandiaka.| CVI, AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). 67
18. PANDIAKA, Hook. f. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 35.
Flowers perfect, solitary, each (without sterile flowers or rudi- mentary bracts) between two bracteoles, which are usually more than half the length of the flower and acute or spinescent. Perianth- segments oblong, acute or spinescent, } in. long or more, with straight white hairs on the back or glabrate. Filaments 5, linear to the basal tube, the interposed staminodes quadrate, truncate or fimbriate at the top; anther-cells 2, oblong. Ovary ovoid, obtuse or truncate, glabrous ; style linear ; stigma small, capitate; ovule 1, ona basalfunicle. Utricle oblong-obovoid ; seed ellipsoid, flattened; embryo curled.—Leaves opposite, sessile. Spikes dense, ovoid or cylindric. Perianth in fruit not reflexed rigidly against the rhachis,
Species.—The 11 or 12 following confined to Tropical Africa.
*Perianth-segments with many straight white hairs on the back. Heads short, ovoid. Floral leaves prominent; flowers ? in. long . 1. P, involucrata. Spikes not mixed with leaves. Flowers tin. long . ; a P . 2. P. ramulosa. Flowers 2in. long . : : . . 38. P. lanceolata, Heads cylindric, many twice as long as broad. Bracteoles with very long points, exceeding the perianth (leaves oblong-elliptic) . 4. P, cylindrica, Bracteoles shorter than, or hardly equalling the perianth.
. P. Schweinfurthii.
yellow . P. andongensis.
Leaves oblong, wider upwards, subauricled . **Perianth-segments glabrous, or minutely pubes- cent on the back. Perianth-segments pale-brown, aristellate . - 10. P. oblanceolata. Perianth-segments white, subacute, muticous . 11. P. Carsoni.
Leaves linear or scarcely linear-oblong . 5. P. Heudelotii. Leaves obovate. Staminodes notched ; plant erect, brown. 6. P. Welwitschii, Staminodes shortly hairy ; plant decum- bent, brown F ‘ s P . FT. P. debtlis. Staminodes long-fimbriate ; plant green- 8 9
1. P. involucrata, Hook. f.in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii, 36. A hairy erect branched herb, 3 ft. high. Leaves opposite, subsessile, 13-24 in, long, ovate to elliptic-oblong. Spikes 4-} in. long and broad, 3 to 6 approximated or crowded at the ends of the branches, white often apparently mixed with the green oblong floral leaves 4 in. long ; bracteoles similar to the perianth-segments, and very nearly as long. Perianth-segments 2 in. long, oblong-acute, with many long white hairs on the back. Staminodes quadrate, emarginate at the top. Ovary truncate.— Achyranthes involucrata, Mogquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii, 310; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 492.
68 CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). { Pandiaka,
Upper Guinea. Togo, Warnecke, 470! Dahomey, Burton! Southern Nigeria: Abeokuta, Zrving! interior of Western Lagos, Rowland! Pandiaki Village, Ansell! Attah (Idda), Vogel! Stirling, Vogel, 138B! Abadan Awurabe, Foster, 320! Northern Nigeria: Nupe, Barter, 944!
2. P. ramulosa, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 894. Branches slender, numerous, pubescent. Leaves opposite, subsessile, 1 to 1} by 3-4 in., oval-oblong, cuspidate, base cuneate. Spikes ovoid-globose, $ to by 4-3 in. Perianth 3-} in., segments lanceolate-oblong, hairy on the back, glabrate at the tip; bracteoles as long as the perianth, subulate, acuminate. Staminodes oblong, truncate-crenulate at the top. Ovary glabrous.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; in rough places near Mumpulla, Welwitsch, 6498. ;
3. P. lanceolata, (. B. Cl. Branches 6-8-ribbed, obscurely tomentose between the ribs. Leaves opposite, 1-14 by }-} in., oblong, narrowed at the base, hardly petiolate, minutely and obscurely grey- (or white-) pubescent. Spikes ovoid-globose, $ by 4-3 in. Perianth 2 in. long; segments lanceolate, acute, shortly hairy on the back, Staminodes quadrate, emarginate. Ovary glabrous.—Cyathula lanceo- lata, Schinz in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 188, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. Append. iii. 65, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 173.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Amboland, Rautanen ; Herero- land, Hoepfner, 91.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa, Fischer, 256! 561.
4, P. cylindrica, Hook. f. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 36. A hairy herb, much branched at the top. Leaves opposite, subsessile, 1-1} by } in., oblong, attenuate at the base. Spikes 14 by } in., straw-coloured ; bracteoles usually exceeding the perianth, having a long white mucro adorned with some very long white hairs. Perianth } in. long; segments oblong-lanceolate, subacute, with much short white hair on the back. Staminodes quadrate, hairy, especially with long hairs at the top. Ovary truncate.—Achyranthes elegantissima, Schinz in Engl. Jahrb, xxi. 186.
Wile Land. Bahr el Ghazal: between Limbo’s and Abu Shakka’s, Brown, 58! Jur: Majob, Schweinfurth, 1542!
5. P. Heudelotii, Hook. f. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 36. A long-branched hairy herb, 2 or 3 ft. high. Leaves opposite, sessile, 2-3 by $-} in., linear or narrow-oblong. Spikes 1 by 2 in., green- white, ultimately straw-coloured; bracteoles about 3 the length of the perianth, elliptic, with a short lanceolate point. Perianth } in. long; segments oblong, long-linear at the top, with many hairs on the back, the linear point pale-brown, glabrate. Staminodes quadrate, glabrous,
eee fe
Pandiaka.| CVI, AMARANTACEH (BAKER AND CLARKE). 69
A. angustifolia, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 492; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 113, in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 174; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, 234.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: near Makunde, Scott-Elliot, 5699! Gold Coast: Accra, Brown, 390! Togo, Warnecke, 182! Quorra (Niger) River, Vogel, 98! Northern Nigeria: Nupe, Barter, 1724! French Congo: Upper Ubangi River, at Fort Sibut, Chevalier, 5677 !
Mile Land. Jur: Seriba Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 2309 !
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: Goma, Hens, A, 360! Stanley Pool, Demeuse. Angola: Pungo Andongo; in Pedras de Guinga, Welwitsch, 6565! at Cadumba, on the River Quanza, Welwitsch, 6568! 6588p |
South Central. Congo Free State: Lunda; Mukenge, Pogge, 226.
Mozamb. Dist. Likoma Islands, in Lake Nyasa, Johnson, 15!
6. P. Welwitschii, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw.i. 894. A hairy erect herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opposite, subsessile, 1} in. long, obovate, rounded at the top. Spikes 14 by ?in., straw-coloured ; bracteoles about § the length of the perianth, ovate, acuminate, subspinescent. Perianth 4 in. long; segments elliptic-oblong, suddenly shortly acuminate, sub- spinescent, with many long white hairs on the back. Staminodes quad- rate, slightly toothed at the top. Ovary obtusely obovate at the top.— Achyranthes Welwitschii, Schinz in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 187, in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 174.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; at Lopollo, Welwitsch, 6488! 6491!
Welwitsch 6487 (not cited by Hiern) is a proliferous form of the same species, each flower being represented by a spike of bracts an inch long. A similar mon- strosity occurs in Achyranthes aspera.
_ 4%. P. debilis, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 894. The example is 30 in. long, weak, hairy, rooting at the lower nodes with long branches. Leaves opposite, hardly petioled, 1-14 in. long, obovate, rounded at the top. Spikes 1-1} by din., white; bracteoles about 3 the length of the perianth, elliptic, shortly acute, mucronate, hairy. Perianth }$-} in, long ; segments oblong, shortly acute, submucronate, with much straight white hair on the back. Staminodes quadrate, with long hairs at the top. Ovary obtusely obovoid at the top.—Psilotrichum debile, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 279.
é i attaahc Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; in Pedras de Guinga, Welwitsch, 570!
8. P. Schweinfurthii, C. B.C. Leaves sessile, broadly elliptic or oblanceolate, acute, mucronate, thinly hairy, yellow-green. Inflores- ‘cence terminal ; bracts acuminate, hairy. Perianth-segments lanceolate, acute, thickened at the base, hairy. Staminodes long fimbriate. Ovary glabrous.— Achyranthes Schweinfurthii, Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Iv, 421,
Wile Land. Dar Fertit; Schweinfurth, iii. 66!
* Schinz doubts whether this is more than a geographical variety of P. Welwitschit ; it is of a different colour, and the perianth is slightly longer. The -only definite difference is the very long fimbrie to the staminodes. :
70 CVI. AMARANTACEX (BAKER AND CLARKE). _ [Pandiaka.
.9, P. andongensis, Hiern in. Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 895. A hirsute erect herb, 20 in. high. Leaves opposite, sessile, 2 in. long, oblong-elliptic, base obscurely auricled. Spikes 14 by 4 in., white; bracteoles about ? the length of the perianth, elliptic, acuminate, sub- mucronate, hairy. Perianth } in. long; segments oblong-linear, with many white hairs: on the back, glabrate at the points. Staminodes quadrate. Ovary glabrous.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 6567 !
10. P. oblanceolata, (. B. Ci. An erect sparsely hairy herb. Leaves opposite, sessile, 13 by }-} in., oblong, widening upwards. Spikes 2 by } in., very pale brown; bracteoles } in. long, bristle- pointed. Perianth } in. long; segments oblong, ending in a bristle, with some minute hairs on the back or glabrate. Staminodes quadrate, lacerate. Ovary glabrous.—Achyranthes oblanceolata, Schinz in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 187.
Nile Land. Bongo: Addai, Schweinfurth, 2185!
This is moved from Achyranthes to Pandiaka, (1) because the leaves are sessile ; (2) because the fruiting perianth, though slightly deflexed, is not reflexed close to the rhachis; (3) because the fruiting spikes are hardly interrupted at the base.
11. P. Carsoni, C. B. Cl. A sparsely hairy herb; branches erect, 18 in. long. Leaves opposite, sessile, 2 by } in., oblong, often slightly widened upwards. Spikes 2} by }in., cylindric, dense, white ; bracteoles about half as long as the perianth, ovate, minutely mucronate. Perianth 4 in. long; segments oblong, subacute, muticous, glabrous. Staminodes shortly quadrate, fimbriate. Ovary obovoid, glabrous.—Achyranthes Carsoni, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 280. Argyrostachys splendens, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 109, fig. 2, in Malpighia, xiv. 436.
Mozamb. Dist. Fwambo, in Urungu, south of Lake Tanganyika, Carson, 8! 50!
Imperfecily known species.
12, P.? heterochiton, C. B. Cl. Stem 16 in. high, erect, branched. Leaves decussate, 1-1} in. long, linear. Spikes terminal, short, few- flowered, composed of solitary flowers; bract spinescent ; bracteoles hairy, acute. Perianth-segments ovate, acute, silky hairy above, Staminodes short. Ovary densely hairy; style linear ; stigma capitate. —Sericocoma heterochiton, Lopr. in Malpighia, xiv. 441.
Lower Guinea, German South-west Africa: Damaraland; Otyimbingue, Fischer, 193.
As the flowers are all solitary, with one bract and two bracteoles each, it cannot be of the genus Sericocoma.
19, SERICOSTACHYS, Gilg et Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb, xxvii. 50.
Cluster consisting of 1 perfect flower and 2 or 8 very hairy rudi- ments (sterile flowers) ; bract 1; bracteoles 2, short, ovate. Perianth-
Sericostachys.] CVI. AMARANTACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE). 71
segments 5, subacute, muticous, glabrous. Stamens 5; filaments linear to the base, the very short staminal tube having quadrate or small staminodes between each 2 filaments; anther-cells 2, oblong. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style linear ; stigma small, capitate ; ovule 1, from a basal funicle.—Scandent shrubs. Leaves opposite, Spikes linear-cylindric, 4—6 in. long, panicled; flowers rather large.
Species 2, endemic.
Leaves glabrate. Perianth tin. long . ° ° . 1. S. scandens. Leaves hairy. Perianth 4 in. long ° : . . 2. S. tomentosa.
1, S. scandens, Gilg et Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 51. A stout climber, glabrate except the flower-spikes. Leaves opposite; blade 3 by 1 in,, elliptic, narrowed at either end; petiole } in. long. Peduncles axillary, 1-3 in. long, each carrying 3 or 4 spikes. Flowers densely approximate ; bract and bracteoles scarious, Perianth } in. long. Hair on the sterile bracts twice or thrice as long as the perianth. Staminodes 4 the length of the filaments, quadrate, toothed at the top. —Lopr. in Malpighia xiv. 449.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Yaunde, Zenker, 1420!
Nile Land. Uganda: Mawokota, 3900 ft., Brown, 167!
2. S. tomentosa, Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 51. A tomentose robust climber, 30 to 40 ft. long. Leaves opposite; blade 3 by 14 in., elliptic or ovate, shortly acuminate at the tip, obtuse at the base, hairy on both faces ; petioles scarcely} in. long. Spikes axillary, and forming at the ends of the branches compound open panicles 1-2 ft. long. Flowers densely approximate; bract and bracteoles scarious; hair on the sterile bracts not much exceeding the perianth. Perianth } in. long. Staminodes very small, 2-toothed.—Lopr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 26 in obs,, t. 1, fig. P, Q, in Malpighia, xiv. 450.
Pas Land. Uganda: Ruwenzori; Kivata, 6600-9000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7657 !
20. ARTHRZERUA, Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii, 1A, 109. .
Perfect flowers solitary. Perianth-segments 5, acuminate, scarious, silky. Filaments 5, with short staminodes interposed ; anther-cells 2, divergent at the base. Ovary with 1 ovule on a basal funicle; style linear.—Leaves opposite, reduced to scales. Spikes terminal, cylindric, dense. Branches succulent, articulated.
Species 1, endemic.
1. A. Leubnitzize, Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pllanzenfam. iii. 1A, 110, jig. 63. Leaves } in. long, reduced to ovate triangular scales.— QO. Kuntze in Jahrb. Kénigl. Bot. Gart, Berlin, iv. 272; Schinz in Bull, Herb. Boiss, v. Append. iii. 66. rua desertorum, Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. x. 7.
72 CVI, AMARANTACE& (BAKER AND CLARKE). [ 7'elanthera.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Hereroland ; coast, Pechuel ; Namib, near Walfisch Bay, 500 ft., Marloth, 1178.
21. TELANTHERA, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 38.
Flowers perfect, solitary, each (without sterile flowers or rudi- mentary bracts) supported by 2 bracteoles. Perianth rigid ; segments lanceolate-triangular, muticous, glabrate. Filaments 5, linear to the base ; staminodes interjected, long; anthers 1-celled. Ovary obovoid ; ovule 1, on a basal funicle; style short; stigma capitate. Fruit obovoid, hardly at all flattened; seed lenticular; embryo curled.— Leaves opposite. Spikes axillary, ovoid. Perianth in fruit adpressed erect,
Species the 1 following and 40 endemic in America,
1. T. maritima, Moguin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 364. A nearly glabrous decumbent branched herb. Leaves 2-3 by 3-1 in., elliptic, narrowed at either end, scarcely petioled. Spikes 4-3 in. long, rigid. Perianth-segments + in. long, brown, strongly striate, with scarious margins, Staminodes, including their long fimbriations, as long as the stamens.—Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 495. Bucholzia maritima, Mart. Nov. Gen. ii. 50, t. 147. Alternanthera maritima, St. Hil. Voy. Brésil, ii, 437; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam, iii, 1A, 115; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 895. -
Upper Guinea, a sea-coast plant. Senegal, Déllinger, 51! Chevalier, 4449! Liberia: Bassa, Vogel, 4! Sierra Leone, Afzelius! Smeathmann! Don f Gold Coast, Burton ! Southern Nigeria: Lagos, Maloney ! Nun River, Vogel, 20! Mann, 472! Cameroons: Batanga, Bates, 37 !
Lower Guinea. Princes Island, Barter, 1949! St. Thomas Island, Rattray! Lower Congo: shore at the mouth, Smith! Banana, Monteiro! Angola: Ambriz, Welwitsch, 6553! shores of Loando and Barra do Dande, Welwitsch, 6535! 6559!
Also on the sea-coast of South America.
22, ALTERNANTHERA, Forsk.; Benth. et Hook. mf, Gone Pic ti Ss,
Flowers perfect, solitary, each (without sterile flowers or rudi- mentary bracts) supported by 2 bracteoles. Perianth thin; segments elliptic, lanceolate or mucronate, nearly glabrate or minutely hairy. Filaments linear to the base ; staminodes interjected, often very small ; anthers l-celled. Ovary obovoid, truncate; ovule 1, ona basal funicle ; style very short, subsetaceous. Utricle much -flattened, broadly obovoid, with a notch at the top in which remains the small style, winged with thin margins; seed lenticular; embryo curled.—Leaves baa te Spikes small, globose or ovoid, axillary. Perianths in fruit stellate. : :
Species 25, in the warm parts of both hemispheres.
Alternanthera.| CVI. AMARANTACEH (BAKER AND CLARKE). 73
Leaves oblong or elliptic, narrowed towards the top. Perianth-segments 4 in. long, mucronate or very
acute . . : ; c : : - I. A. nodiflora. Perianth-segments ~:-75 in. long, not very acute , : 5 z E E i . 2. A. achyranthoides. Leaves obovate, not narrowed towards the top . 3. A. echinata.
1. A. nodiflora, R. Br. Prodr. 417. Rootstock often woody. Branches several, procumbent, pubescent or hairy towards the top, 6-24 in. long. Leaves 4-24 in. long, oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, narrowed at either end, hardly petioled, glabrate or obscurely hairy. Spikes solitary or clustered in the axils, }-} in. in diam., white, apparently glabrate. Perianth-segments } in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, acute or mucronate, glabrate or with a few very thin Simple hairs scattered near the base and on the margins. Staminal tube a short broad cup; staminodes reduced to minute notched teeth. —Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 356; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 494; A. Rich, Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 219; Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 175; Zarb in Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 33; Engl. Hochgebirgsfi. Trop. Afr, 208; Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Append. ii. 165. A. achyranthoides, partly, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 896. A. sessilis, var. nodiflora, Gilg in Warb. Kunene-Samb. Exped. 232.
Upper Guinea. Senegal: M’Bidjem, Thierry, 222! Roger! Senegambia, Heudelot, 130! Northern Nigeria: Kuka, Vogel, 61! :
Mile Land. Eritrea, Schweinfurth, 226. Abyssinia: Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 15! near Adowa, Schimper, 1068 ! Galabat: around Matamma, Schwein- Jurth, 617! 621! Sennar, Kotschy, 287! Broun, 854! near Khartoum, Brom- field! Kordofan, Kotschy, 165! Pfund, 210! Darfur, Purdy, 11! Ethiopia, Kotschy, 287! White Nile region, Schweinfurth, 944! Broun, 1072!
Lower Guinea Angola: Loanda, Gossweiler, 325! Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 6504! 6505! near Chihinde, Baum, 52!
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; Sena, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; between Kondowe and Karonga, Whyte! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 384! Rhodesia: Mapani Forest, Holub! Batoka Plateau, Allen, 438! :
Also in India, Malaya, and Australia,
2. A. achyranthoides, Forsk. Fl. Zgypt.-Arab. lix.and28. Heads in fruit 4-1} in. in diam. Perianth-segments ;,—;}, in. long, not mucronate, often triangular at the top; otherwise as A. nodiflora.— Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 896. A. sessilis, R. Br. Prodr..417 ; Moguin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 357; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 495; Zarb in Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 33; Garcke in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 503 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 996 ; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan- zenfam. iii. 1A, 115, and 94, fig. 48, H,in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 174; Durand & Schinz, Etudes F]. Congo, i. 235 ; Schlechter, Westafr. Kautsch.
74 CVI. AMARANTACEZ (BAKER AND CLARKE). [Alternanthera,
Upper Guinea. Senegal, Roger, 15! Sierra Leone: near Musaia (Mussia) Scott-Elliot, 5103! Samu Country, Scott-Elliot, 4204! Gold Coast: Aburi,. Brown, 316! Ashanti, Bowdich ! Southern Nigeria: Sawewe, Dawodu, 20! banks of the Niger, Barter, 126! 872! Cameroons: Efulen, Bates, 191! 884! Yaunde, 2700 ft., Zenker §& Staudt, 298! Fernando Po, Vogel, 204!
Wile Land. Abyssinia: Begemeder, Schimper, 1341! White Nile, Petherick ! Sagadi, Schweinfurth, 521! Sennar, Kotschy, 469! Jur; by the Wau River, Schweinfurth, 1647! British East Africa: Lake Losuguta, Gregory !
Lower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, Don! Princes Island, Welwitsch, 6539! 6542! Loango, Soyaur, 129! Lower Congo: Stanley Pool, Hens, B, 16! near the mouth of the Congo, Smith, 31! 37! Angola, banks of rivers: Barra do Dande, Welwitsch, 6533! Ivolo e Bengo, Welwitsch, 6531, 6532! Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 6549, 6561! Libongo, Welwitsch, 6555!
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Amboni, Holst, 2760! Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; Shupanga, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Nsessi River, Scott! Mandala, Scott-Elliot, 8561! Nyika Plateau, Me Clounie y
Also a weed in South Asia and Australia. This species is not distinguished by Hiern from A. nodiflora.
3. A. echinata, Smith in Rees, Encycl. Suppl. n. 10. Stems pro- cumbent, 1-2 ft. long, branched, hairy. Leaves 4-1} in. long, obovate- spathulate, shortly petioled. Spikes } in. long, ovoid or ellipsoid, very pale brown. Perianth-segments } in. long, lanceolate, mucronate, almost prickly in fruit, glabrous, but near the base of 3 of them 1s @ dense tuft of small white hairs linear with glochidiate tip. Otherwise as A. nodiflora—Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 360; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 896. 4. Achyrantha, R. Br. Prodr. 417 in obs. ; Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii, 358; Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. x. 7. 4. repens, Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 115, in Bull.’ Herb. Boiss. v. Append. iii. 66; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 235; Schlechter, Westafr. Kautsch. Exped. 287. Achyranthes repens, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 205. Tllecebrum Achyrantha, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 299. I. obliquum, Schumach. Beskr. Guin, Pl. 142.
Upper Guinea. Gold Coast: Cape Coast Castle, Vogel, 37! Aburi, Brown, 410! Togo: near Lome, Warnecke, 279! Southern Nigeria: between Ibadan and Abeokuta, Schlechter, 18033! Northern Nigeria: Nupe, Barter, 852! 1708!
Lower Guinea. Princes Isle, Welwitsch, 6541! Lower Congo: near the mouth, Smith! Lutete, Hens, A, 300! Angola: Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 6556 ! Loanda, Welwitech, 6536! 65368! Gossweiler, 374! German South-west Africa: Damaraland ; Okahandya, Lindner! Hereroland, Marloth, 1345 !
23. PHILOXERUS, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f, Gen, PI. iii. 40.
Perfect flowers with two bracteoles. Perianth thickened]at the base ; segments 5, oblong. Filaments 5, lanceolate at the base, uni into a short cup, without staminodes; anthers 1-celled. Ovary ovoid; style hardly any, branches 2, linear; ovule 1, from a basal funicle. Utricle ovoid, compressed; seed lenticular; embryo curled.— Leaves opposite. Spikes dense, ovoid or oblong, terminal, straw-coloured, solitary or clustered.
Species 10, on the sea-coasts of America, Africa and Australia.
Philoxerus.] | CVI. AMARANTACE& (BAKER AND CLARKE). 79
1, P. vermiculatus, 2. Br. Prodr. 416 in obs. A prostrate branched rooting succulent nearly glabrous herb; branches often thickened just below the nodes. Leaves 1-2 by 4-4 in., linear or linear- oblong, long-tapering to the base, scarcely petioled. Spikes globose, Zin. in diam., and oblong, 1 by 4-4 in., nearly always terminal sessile, i.e. with 2 green floral leaves close under each; bracteoles } in. long, keeled. Perianth-segments } in. long, acute, very sparsely hairy, except near the base.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 897. P. ver- micularis, Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. 65, t.98. P. aggregatus, H. B.& K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. 203. Jllecebrum vermiculatum, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. 300. Iresine vermicularis, Moquin in DC. Prodr, xiii. ii. 340; Hook. Niger Fl. 494; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1A, 117. J. aggregata, Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 340, J. portulacoides, Moquin in DC. Prodr, xiii. ii. 341; Schlechter, Westafr. Kautsch, Exped. 287,
Upper Guinea. Senegal, Sieber, 7! Perrottet, 482! Roger! Brunner! Dillinger, 59! Gambia, Don! Sierra Leone, Smeathmann! Morson! Gold Coast : coast at Accra, Brown, 376! 422! Sekondi, Johnson, 977! French Sudan: at Niayes, Chevalier, 3448! Togo, Warnecke,50! Southern Nigeria: Brass, Barter, 1874! Nun River, Vogel, 59! Cameroons: beach near Batanga, Bates, 115! 2-4,
Lower Guinea. Loango, Soyausz, 152! Corisco Island, Mann, 1859! Angola: Loando, Welwitsch, 65388! 6554! Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 6506! 6506s ! 6507 !
A coast plant, found also on the coast of the hotter parts of America.
24. GOMPHRENA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 40.
Perfect flower between 2 bracteoles; perianth-segments elliptic- lanceolate, acute, woolly on the back. Staminal tube 3 in. long, divided only near the contracted top; anthers 1-celled. Ovary ovoid; style 2-branched ; ovule on a basal funicle. -Utricle ovoid, compressed; seed lenticular ; embryo curled.—Leaves opposite. Spikes dense, terminal.
Species 90, in warm countries, especially in South America,
1. G. globosa, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 224, ed. ii. 326. A hairy, erect, branched annual, 3 ft. high. Leaves 2-4 by ? in., oblong, short petioled. Spikes 3 in. in diam., subglobose, often pink or yellow, terminal, often supported by 1 or 2 green floral leaves. Bracteoles } in. long, lanceo- late, woolly, keeled (sometimes crested) on the back. Perianth } in.
ng; segments mucronate. Ovary glabrous; style linear, longer than the ovary; the two branches at equal height with the anthers.—Moquin in DC. Prodr. xiii. ii. 409; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 732; Schinz in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzeifam. iii..1A, 117, and 93, fig. 46, C, and 94, og 47, F, in Bull. Herb. Boiss, iv. Append. ii. 165, in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. . 174,
Upper Guinea. Southern Nigeria: shore at the mouth of the River Brass, Barter,116! Old Calabar, Holland, 121! Cross River, Holland, 251!
Wile Land. Uganda: Wakoli, in Busoga, Scott-Elliot, 7207 !
A native of South America; cultivated, and a weed in the Old World,
76 CVIle CHENOPODIACEE (BAKER AND CLARKE).
Orper CVII. CHENOPODIACER. (By J. G. Baker and C. B. Clarke.)
Flowers small, 1- or 2-sexual. Perianth inferior, usually 5-fid. Stamens 5, or sometimes fewer; anther-cells 2, oblong. Ovary free, or _ Sometimes immersed in a disc; style short or Jong, with 2 or 3 branches. Ovule 1, suspended from, rarely supported upon, a basal funicle. Utricle included in the persistent perianth. Embryo peripheric (making one complete coil or less) round albumen; or spiral (making more than one coil) with no (or hardly any) albumen.—Herbs or small shrubs (or Basella a twiner). Stems continuous, or (in several genera) with numerous approximate transverse articulations (or pseudo-articulations). Leaves alternate, sometimes flat, sometimes thick subcylindric, or even obovoid, in several genera ) or nearly 0. Flowers mostly in clusters in the axils of the leaves, or sunk in the articulations of the stem, but often running